Biology: pH, Enzymes, Water, Lipids, and more
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Questions and Answers

How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 compared to a solution with a pH of 6?

  • 10
  • 3
  • 1000 (correct)
  • 100
  • 10,000

Which statement is incorrect regarding enzyme function?

  • Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
  • Enzymes are not consumed during a reaction.
  • Enzyme activity can be influenced by vitamins and minerals.
  • Enzymes catalyze reactions by perfectly matching substrate shape, known as 'lock and key'. (correct)
  • Enzymes are proteins that can denature at high temperatures.

Which of the following statements about water is incorrect?

  • Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion due to hydrogen bonds.
  • Water's polarity is crucial for dissolving ionic compounds.
  • The polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water create partial charges.
  • Water has a relatively low heat of vaporization compared to other liquids. (correct)
  • Water's density decreases upon freezing, allowing ice to float.

The pH of human blood is tightly regulated. Which of the following statements accurately describes this regulation?

<p>Blood pH is normally around 7.4 and is maintained through buffering systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate?

<p>Valine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

<p>Glycerol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biological molecule and monomer pairings are correctly matched?

<p>None of the above is correctly matched. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes?

<p>They contain small mitochondria. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phase-contrast microscope is particularly useful for:

<p>Examining unstained, living tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of techniques would be most effective for studying the structure of a large population of isolated mitochondria?

<p>Ultracentrifuge and the transmission electron microscope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most likely to occur to a plant cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?

<p>The cell will shrink as water moves out, causing plasmolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular processes directly requires the input of energy?

<p>Removal of excess water from a freshwater amoeba by a contractile vacuole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'irritability' in biology refers to:

<p>The general ability to respond to stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesis of proteins (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microtubules in cellular function?

<p>Facilitating chromosome separation during cell division and providing structure for cilia and flagella (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water's ability to be drawn up tall trees is primarily attributed to which property?

<p>Strong cohesion tension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cooling effect of sweating is directly related to which property of water?

<p>Water's high heat of vaporization. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the property of ice being less dense than liquid water allow fish to survive in a lake during the winter?

<p>It insulates the water below, preventing it from freezing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element differ based on the number of:

<p>Neutrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding enzymes?

<p>Enzymes are smaller than the substrates they act upon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide serves as a primary storage form of energy in plants?

<p>Starch. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An enzyme's function is determined by its unique three-dimensional shape. Which level of protein structure is MOST directly responsible for this?

<p>Tertiary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radioisotope I-131 is commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the:

<p>Thyroid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter of a typical eukaryotic cell?

<p>$10 \mu m$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

pH scale

Measures acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

Enzyme function

Enzymes speed up reactions; they are proteins that can be affected by temperature.

Characteristics of water

Water is polar, has high specific heat, and is a universal solvent.

Polysaccharide

A carbohydrate made of long chains of monosaccharides, like starch and cellulose.

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Monosaccharide

The simplest form of carbohydrates; single sugar units like glucose.

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Role of proteins

Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and functioning of tissues in living organisms.

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DNA structure

Composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base; vital for genetic information.

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Cohesion Tension

Water moves up tall trees due to strong cohesion.

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High Heat of Vaporization

Sweating cools the body because water requires a lot of energy to evaporate.

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Ice Density

Ice floats on water, allowing fish to survive winter.

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Isotope Difference

Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons they have.

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Enzyme Characteristics

Enzymes are organic catalysts that lower activation energy.

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Plant Polysaccharide

Starch is a polysaccharide used for storage in plants.

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Protein Structure Shape

Tertiary structure determines the shape of a protein.

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I-131 Use

I-131 is used to diagnose thyroid diseases.

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Site of Protein Production

Ribosomes are the site of protein production in cells.

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Prokaryotes characteristics

Prokaryotes have one chromosome, contain ribosomes, and are smaller than eukaryotic cells.

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Phase-contrast microscope

A phase-contrast microscope is useful for examining unstained, living tissue.

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Best method for studying mitochondria

An ultracentrifuge and transmission electron microscope are best for studying thousands of mitochondria.

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Hypertonic solution effect on plant cell

A plant cell placed in a strong hypertonic solution would shrink due to water flowing out to the concentrated solution.

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Process requiring energy

A contractile vacuole removing water from an amoeba requires energy.

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Ability to respond to stimuli

The ability to respond to stimuli is known as irritability.

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum manufactures lipids and detoxifies the cell but does not manufacture proteins.

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Microtubules function

Microtubules are hollow tubes that make up cilia and flagella, essential for cell movement.

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Contractile vacuole function

A contractile vacuole's role in an amoeba is to remove excess water, requiring energy to function.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions - Biology

  • Question 1: A solution with a pH of 2 is 10,000 times more acidic than one with a pH of 5.

  • Question 2: Enzymes are proteins, work via the lock-and-key mechanism, are denatured at high temperatures, and are not degraded during a reaction. Vitamins and minerals do not assist enzymes.

  • Question 3: Water is a molecule with polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen. Water molecules have little attraction to each other. Water is polar, while lipids are nonpolar. Water has a high heat of vaporization.

  • Question 4: Water is less dense than ice.

  • Question 5: Blood pH in humans is normally 7.4 and resists changes.

  • Question 6: Insulin is not a carbohydrate.

  • Question 7: Glycerol is not a polysaccharide.

  • Question 8: Lipids are matched with glycerol.

  • Question 9: (A) is the diagram of a monosaccharide.

  • Question 10: If a plant cell is placed in a strong hypertonic solution, it will shrink because water will move out of the cell.

  • Question 11: Passive diffusion does not require energy.

  • Question 12: The ability to respond to stimuli is called irritability.

  • Question 13: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not manufacture proteins.

  • Question 14: Microtubules make up cilia and flagella.

  • Question 15: "Nine plus two" refers to the configuration of microtubules in cilia and flagella.

  • Question 16: Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes.

  • Question 17: To move the letter X to the center of the field, the slide must be moved to the right and up.

  • Question 18: Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, contain their own DNA, can self-replicate, and feature an outer double membrane. Mitochondria are not the site of photosynthesis.

  • Question 19: Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole, store pigments in chromoplasts, have secondary cell walls, and lack centrioles.

  • Question 20: Tissue culture involves growing living cells.

  • Question 21: Starch is a storage polysaccharide found in plants.

  • Question 22: Tertiary structure determines the shape of a protein.

  • Question 23: Iodine-131 (I-131) is used to diagnose and treat diseases of the thyroid.

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Description

Test your knowledge of fundamental biology concepts. Topics covered include pH levels, enzyme function, properties of water, lipid characteristics, and cell behavior in hypertonic solutions. Evaluate your understanding of these key biological principles.

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