Biology of Fear - Biological and Learning Psychology

<p>50 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A preferential response to eyes expressing fear and joy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It processes emotions conveyed by the eye region</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a few thousandths of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressions of fear on faces of other humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect and respond to predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piloerection and heart racing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid things that may cause illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are asymmetrical and bidirectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rats emitting high-frequency screams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants cannot regulate their own body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alert us to escape from danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neocortex is activated by the amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emotion of fear is mediated by the amygdala, while the conscious feeling of fear is mediated by higher cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connections down from the cortex to the amygdala are less well developed than connections up from the amygdala to the cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a behavioural measure of the fear that humans experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It analyses the frightening stimulus in detail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is specialized for reacting to stimuli and triggering a physiological response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results may not generalize to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He suggests that the term 'fear' should denote feelings and conscious feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the significance of the stimulus and triggers an emotional response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1st pathway is faster and more automatic, while the 2nd pathway is slower and more cognitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the amygdala is involved in other emotions beyond fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mediate the unconscious processing of fear stimuli and trigger fear responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The person will have a jolt of fear due to initial arousal of the amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To process and store conscious memories of fearful events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit memories are unconscious, while explicit memories are conscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To influence appetite, memory, pain, depression, and fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mediate the unconscious processing of fear stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a conserved feature across species, serving to protect organisms from danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conscious awareness is necessary for the brain to assess and respond to fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stimuli that trigger fear responses are different</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To try to abort the amygdala's alarm signals in response to false alarms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing emotions conveyed by the eye region</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presents a preferential response to eyes expressing fear and joy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It makes psychotherapy a difficult and lengthy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long distress calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It responds in a few thousandths of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on imperfect channels of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsive to facial expressions of fear and joy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alert us to escape from danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers the release of fight/flight hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are asymmetrical, with stronger connections from amygdala to neocortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal danger or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect and respond to predators or threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Making quick decisions and understanding/communicating needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sends a signal from the auditory cortex to the amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for rational evaluation of threats before responding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger a physiological response to fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emotion of fear is a unconscious response, while the conscious feeling of fear is a conscious response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the amygdala plays a role in other emotions beyond fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connections from the cortex to the amygdala are less well developed than those from the amygdala to the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyse and interpret the significance of a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that the term 'fear' should only denote conscious feelings of fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the significance of a stimulus based on sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a clear and precise measure of emotional responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1st pathway is fast and mediated by the amygdala, while the 2nd pathway is slow and mediated by the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amygdala exerts a greater influence on the cortex than vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sit at the centre of the fear circuit and send motor commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The person will have a jolt of fear due to initial arousal of the amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit memories are unconscious, while explicit memories are conscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a neurotransmitter that influences appetite, memory, pain, depression, and fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a critical component of the fear response that has been conserved across species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's fear response can occur without conscious awareness, but conscious awareness can modify the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fear response in humans is more complex and involves conscious awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in the formation of explicit memories of fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in the formation of implicit memories of fear, which are associated with traumatic experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The person will have a reduced fear response</p> Signup and view all the answers