Psychology Chapter on Fear Responses

Study of individual strengths and what is going well, rather than fixing problems.

A modern biological approach studying the mind and its connections to brain function.

Recognition of cultural and social influences on behavior and identity.

Perspective that explains behavior through interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Adjustment of psychological knowledge to be applicable to diverse cultures and groups.

Framework explaining the unique stress experienced by marginalized groups due to societal discrimination.

Recognition that signs of conditions can vary between genders, e.g., ADHD symptoms differ in girls and boys.

Branches of psychology include clinical, cognitive, social, developmental, etc.

The immediate reaction to threats via the sympathetic adreno-medullary and HPA systems.

Behaviors triggered by past trauma or psychological factors where one may freeze or appease others.

A female response to stress, focusing on nurturing and forming allies during threats.

Automatic, simple responses to stimuli, crucial for survival in infants.

Complex inbuilt behaviors in animals that guide actions like migration or returning home.

A brain structure involved in movement, reward, and motor control.

The part of the brain that connects the hindbrain and forebrain, hosting basic functions.

The most evolved part of the brain, responsible for higher functions in humans.

A central brain structure that acts as a relay station for sensory information.

A small brain region controlling hormones, temperature, and basic drives like hunger.

A set of structures in the forebrain involved in emotion and memory.

A structure in the limbic system essential for memory formation.

An almond-shaped structure in the limbic system linked to emotions like fear and pleasure.

A brain region controlling hunger; damage increases eating or leads to starvation.

Brain region involved in motor control, memory, and emotional expression; damage leads to Parkinson's disease symptoms.

A neurological condition stemming from basal ganglia damage; causes motor control issues like tremors.

The ability of the amygdalae to interpret stimuli as relevant, affecting emotional reactions and memory.

Reactions facilitated by brain stimulation; includes behaviors like arching back and aggressive vocalizations.

Investigating behavior changes due to brain injury, either intentional or accidental, helps understand brain function.

The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher-order abilities unique to humans, such as complex thinking and language learning.

The bulgy parts of the cerebral cortex that resemble raised ridges.

The depressions or valleys on the surface of the cerebral cortex.

The very deep valleys found in the cerebral cortex.

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication and information sharing.

Controls motor functions and processes information from the right side of the body.

Controls motor functions and processes information from the left side of the body.

Advanced cognitive abilities in humans, such as language, planning, and abstract thinking, localized in the cerebral cortex.

The overall negative charge inside a neuron at rest, relative to the outside.

The membrane potential of a neuronal cell at rest, approximately -70 mV.

The process where the cell membrane potential becomes less negative.

The process where the cell membrane potential becomes more negative than resting potential.

The movement of ions across the cell membrane, affecting membrane potential.