Biology Module 11: The Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

  • To regulate blood flow into and out of the kidney
  • To secrete wastes into the urine
  • To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the glomerular capsule space (correct)
  • To reabsorb water and useful solutes into the blood

    • What is the term for the amount of filtrate formed per minute?

  • Renal blood flow
  • Urine production rate
  • Glomerular filtration rate (correct)
  • Kidney function index

    • Which of the following is a mechanism of renal auto-regulation of GFR?

  • Myogenic mechanism (correct)
  • Neural regulation
  • Tubuloglomerular feedback
  • Hormonal regulation

    • What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation on GFR?

    <p>Decreased GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in regulating GFR?

    <p>Increases GFR by vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid that enters the glomerular capsule space?

    <p>Glomerular filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urinary system in terms of body fluids?

    <p>Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidneys in regulating the acid-base balance?

    <p>Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of enzyme secretion (renin) in the urinary system?

    <p>Water retention and increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?

    <p>Stimulating red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the reabsorption of calcium in the renal tubules?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Angiotensin II on GFR?

    <p>It decreases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure collects and forms larger and larger pathways to the level of the ureter?

    <p>Collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the discharge of urine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased blood volume on GFR?

    <p>It increases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of urinary incontinence?

    <p>Increased abdominal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the urinary system regulates electrolyte/ion balance?

    <p>By regulating the excretion of electrolytes in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the kidneys not being able to regulate acid-base balance?

    <p>Disruption of normal cellular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the kidneys?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the renal medulla in the kidney?

    <p>It is the inner portion of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating blood glucose levels?

    <p>To produce and release glucose into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the kidneys in the body?

    <p>In the abdominal region, partially protected by the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole on GFR?

    <p>Decrease in GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of renal auto-regulation of GFR?

    <p>Hormonal regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased renal blood flow on the amount of Na+, Cl-, and water in tubular fluid?

    <p>Increase in Na+, Cl-, and water in tubular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased blood pressure on the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles?

    <p>Relaxation of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased SyNS activation on blood flow to other tissues?

    <p>Redirected blood flow to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the peritubular capillaries in urine production?

    <p>Reabsorption of water and useful solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the internal urethral sphincter?

    <p>To control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the micturition reflex?

    <p>The discharge of urine from the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?

    <p>The kidneys decrease in size and glomeruli become less functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dialysis in the urinary system?

    <p>To artificially cleanse the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of diuretics on the urinary system?

    <p>They decrease the reabsorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the collecting ducts in the urinary system?

    <p>To collect and form larger and larger pathways to the level of the ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating body fluids?

    <p>Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the kidneys regulating electrolyte/ion balance?

    <p>The body maintains homeostasis of electrolyte levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcitriol produced by the kidneys?

    <p>Regulating calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in waste excretion?

    <p>Excreting waste products from protein metabolism, bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the kidneys in the body?

    <p>Retroperitoneal, between T12 and L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin II on the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions and water?

    <p>It increases the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on water reabsorption?

    <p>It increases water reabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?

    <p>Kidneys decrease in size and renal blood flow and GFR decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the bladder in females?

    <p>Inferior to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dialysis on the body?

    <p>It artificially cleanses the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the urinary system?

    <p>To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the renal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in blood pressure on the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles?

    <p>It triggers vasoconstriction, reducing GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism of neural regulation of GFR?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the peritubular capillaries in urine production?

    <p>To return reabsorbed substances to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

    <p>It decreases GFR by vasoconstricting the afferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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