54 Questions
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the glomerular capsule space
What is the term for the amount of filtrate formed per minute?
Glomerular filtration rate
Which of the following is a mechanism of renal auto-regulation of GFR?
Myogenic mechanism
What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation on GFR?
Decreased GFR
What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in regulating GFR?
Increases GFR by vasodilation
What is the term for the fluid that enters the glomerular capsule space?
Glomerular filtrate
What is the primary function of the urinary system in terms of body fluids?
Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating the acid-base balance?
Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
What is the result of enzyme secretion (renin) in the urinary system?
Water retention and increased blood pressure
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?
Stimulating red blood cell production
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?
20-25%
Which hormone increases the reabsorption of calcium in the renal tubules?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the effect of Angiotensin II on GFR?
It decreases GFR
Which structure collects and forms larger and larger pathways to the level of the ureter?
Collecting ducts
What is the term for the discharge of urine?
All of the above
What is the effect of increased blood volume on GFR?
It increases GFR
Which of the following is a symptom of urinary incontinence?
Increased abdominal pressure
What is the primary mechanism by which the urinary system regulates electrolyte/ion balance?
By regulating the excretion of electrolytes in the urine
What is the result of the kidneys not being able to regulate acid-base balance?
Disruption of normal cellular function
Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the kidneys?
Insulin
What is the role of the renal medulla in the kidney?
It is the inner portion of the kidney
What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating blood glucose levels?
To produce and release glucose into the bloodstream
What is the location of the kidneys in the body?
In the abdominal region, partially protected by the ribs
What is the primary effect of vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole on GFR?
Decrease in GFR
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of renal auto-regulation of GFR?
Hormonal regulation
What is the effect of increased renal blood flow on the amount of Na+, Cl-, and water in tubular fluid?
Increase in Na+, Cl-, and water in tubular fluid
What is the effect of decreased blood pressure on the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles?
Relaxation of smooth muscle
What is the effect of increased SyNS activation on blood flow to other tissues?
Redirected blood flow to other tissues
What is the role of the peritubular capillaries in urine production?
Reabsorption of water and useful solutes
What is the primary function of the internal urethral sphincter?
To control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra
What is the result of the micturition reflex?
The discharge of urine from the bladder
What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?
The kidneys decrease in size and glomeruli become less functional
What is the role of dialysis in the urinary system?
To artificially cleanse the blood
What is the effect of diuretics on the urinary system?
They decrease the reabsorption of water
What is the function of the collecting ducts in the urinary system?
To collect and form larger and larger pathways to the level of the ureter
What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating body fluids?
Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids
What is the result of the kidneys regulating electrolyte/ion balance?
The body maintains homeostasis of electrolyte levels
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?
Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate
What is the function of calcitriol produced by the kidneys?
Regulating calcium levels
What is the primary function of the kidneys in waste excretion?
Excreting waste products from protein metabolism, bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine
What is the location of the kidneys in the body?
Retroperitoneal, between T12 and L3
What is the effect of angiotensin II on the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions and water?
It increases the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions and water.
Which hormone decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on water reabsorption?
It increases water reabsorption.
What is the effect of aging on the kidneys?
Kidneys decrease in size and renal blood flow and GFR decrease
What is the location of the bladder in females?
Inferior to the uterus
What is the effect of dialysis on the body?
It artificially cleanses the blood
What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the urinary system?
To filter water and solutes from blood plasma into the renal tubule
What is the effect of an increase in blood pressure on the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles?
It triggers vasoconstriction, reducing GFR
Which of the following is a mechanism of neural regulation of GFR?
Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activation
What is the primary function of the peritubular capillaries in urine production?
To return reabsorbed substances to the bloodstream
What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?
It decreases GFR by vasoconstricting the afferent arterioles
What is the term for the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials?
Urine
Test your knowledge of the urinary system, including its structures and functions, such as regulating body fluids, electrolyte balance, and waste excretion. Review the importance of maintaining normal body fluid levels and how the urinary system regulates blood glucose levels.
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