Questions and Answers
Which of the following are components of the urinary system? (Select all that apply)
The kidneys, which are positioned ________, lie on either side of the vertebral column.
retroperitoneally
What covers the kidney?
Renal capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney called?
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What contains renal pyramids and renal columns within the kidney?
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What structure allows urine to travel through without blood vessels?
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What are responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys?
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What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?
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Where does urine collect after passing the renal papilla?
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What collects urine and culminates in the renal pelvis?
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Describe the location of the ureter.
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The kidneys filter approximately ________ of fluid each day, and ________ of that is excreted.
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Which region of the kidney is more salty?
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What is the muscular lining of the bladder called?
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What is a kidney stone?
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What is the triangular area at the internal floor of the bladder called?
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What is the function of the urethra?
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The network of blood vessels in the kidney involves the renal arteries interacting in the glomerulus in ________ steps.
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Match the following structures with their functions:
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What are the steps for elimination of urine?
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Study Notes
Urinary System Components
- Comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, along with associated ducts.
- Kidneys are positioned retroperitoneally, lying high on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column.
Kidney Structure
- Renal Capsule: Protective layer covering the kidneys.
- Renal Cortex: Outer layer that houses glomeruli, where initial filtration occurs.
- Renal Medulla: Internal region containing renal pyramids and columns; balances ions in the nephron loop.
Urine Production Pathway
- Urine flows through renal pyramids which lack blood vessels.
- Blood is filtered in nephron units, then travels through renal columns.
- Renal papilla marks the apex of the renal pyramid.
- Minor Calyx: Collects urine from papilla before entering the major calyx.
- Major Calyx: Collects urine that culminates in the renal pelvis.
Blood Vessels and Filtration
- Renal arteries branch into smaller vessels, filtering blood within renal cortex glomeruli.
- Glomerulus: Primary site for blood filtration; most urine components are separated here.
- Capillary Network: Enables oxygenation and nutrient exchange.
Kidney Function and Fluid Handling
- Processes about 180 liters of fluid daily with only 2% excreted as urine.
- Nephrons act as the kidneys' filtering units, purifying blood and expelling wastes.
- Collecting Duct: Final site for urine concentration; urine is irreversibly modified here.
Kidney Regions' Characteristics
- Renal cortex is more hydrated, while renal medulla is saltier.
- The ascending limb of the nephron loop requires energy for salt transport against osmotic gradient.
Urine Composition
- Composed of 95% water, and typically contains urea, uric acid, creatinine, trace amino acids, and varying electrolytes.
Ureters and Bladder
- Ureters transport urine from kidneys to bladder; muscular ducts located distally to renal pelvis.
- Urinary bladder is a muscular reservoir that can expand and contract, enters through ureters and exits via urethra.
Urethra and Elimination Pathway
- Tube leading urine from bladder to the exterior; extends from bladder base.
- Ureteric orifices are located at bladder trigone corners, marking distinct embryological origins.
Detrusor Muscle and Trigone
- Detrusor Muscle: The bladder's muscular lining that enables contraction during urination.
- Trigone: Triangular area at the bladder's base with openings at each angle; structural site for urine entry.
Kidney Stones
- Form from crystallization of calcium, magnesium, or salts; can cause severe pain as they pass through the ureters.
- Common obstruction points include:
- Junction of ureters and renal pelvis
- Ureters crossing pelvic inlet
- Passage through bladder wall.
Steps for Urine Elimination
- Involves sequence: Nephrons -> Collecting ducts -> Renal papillae -> Minor calyces -> Major calyces -> Renal pelvis -> Ureters -> Urinary bladder -> Urethra.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards focusing on key components such as kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Each card provides definitions and context for important terms related to urinary anatomy. Perfect for students and anyone interested in human anatomy.
