Human Anatomy - Urinary System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are components of the urinary system? (Select all that apply)

Liver

Bladder (correct)

Kidneys (correct)

Urethra (correct)

The kidneys, which are positioned ________, lie on either side of the vertebral column.

retroperitoneally

What covers the kidney?

Renal capsule

What is the outer layer of the kidney called?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What contains renal pyramids and renal columns within the kidney?

Renal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows urine to travel through without blood vessels?

Renal pyramids Signup and view all the answers

What are responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys?

Nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

Renal papilla Signup and view all the answers

Where does urine collect after passing the renal papilla?

Minor calyx Signup and view all the answers

What collects urine and culminates in the renal pelvis?

Major calyx Signup and view all the answers

Describe the location of the ureter.

Duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys filter approximately of fluid each day, and of that is excreted.

180 L/day, 2% Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the kidney is more salty?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscular lining of the bladder called?

Detrusor muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is a kidney stone?

Formed when minerals and acid salts crystallize in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the triangular area at the internal floor of the bladder called?

Trigone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

Leads urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Signup and view all the answers

The network of blood vessels in the kidney involves the renal arteries interacting in the glomerulus in ________ steps.

4 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions:

Nephrons = Filters blood Collecting Duct = Concentrates urine Renal Papillae = Drains urine to minor calyx Ureters = Transport urine Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps for elimination of urine?

Nephrons, Collecting Ducts, Renal Papillae, Minor Calyces, Major Calyces, Renal Pelvis, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Components

Comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, along with associated ducts.
Kidneys are positioned retroperitoneally, lying high on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column.

Kidney Structure

Renal Capsule: Protective layer covering the kidneys.
Renal Cortex: Outer layer that houses glomeruli, where initial filtration occurs.
Renal Medulla: Internal region containing renal pyramids and columns; balances ions in the nephron loop.

Urine Production Pathway

Urine flows through renal pyramids which lack blood vessels.
Blood is filtered in nephron units, then travels through renal columns.
Renal papilla marks the apex of the renal pyramid.
Minor Calyx: Collects urine from papilla before entering the major calyx.
Major Calyx: Collects urine that culminates in the renal pelvis.

Blood Vessels and Filtration

Renal arteries branch into smaller vessels, filtering blood within renal cortex glomeruli.
Glomerulus: Primary site for blood filtration; most urine components are separated here.
Capillary Network: Enables oxygenation and nutrient exchange.

Kidney Function and Fluid Handling

Processes about 180 liters of fluid daily with only 2% excreted as urine.
Nephrons act as the kidneys' filtering units, purifying blood and expelling wastes.
Collecting Duct: Final site for urine concentration; urine is irreversibly modified here.

Kidney Regions' Characteristics

Renal cortex is more hydrated, while renal medulla is saltier.
The ascending limb of the nephron loop requires energy for salt transport against osmotic gradient.

Urine Composition

Composed of 95% water, and typically contains urea, uric acid, creatinine, trace amino acids, and varying electrolytes.

Ureters and Bladder

Ureters transport urine from kidneys to bladder; muscular ducts located distally to renal pelvis.
Urinary bladder is a muscular reservoir that can expand and contract, enters through ureters and exits via urethra.

Urethra and Elimination Pathway

Tube leading urine from bladder to the exterior; extends from bladder base.
Ureteric orifices are located at bladder trigone corners, marking distinct embryological origins.

Detrusor Muscle and Trigone

Detrusor Muscle: The bladder's muscular lining that enables contraction during urination.
Trigone: Triangular area at the bladder's base with openings at each angle; structural site for urine entry.

Kidney Stones

Form from crystallization of calcium, magnesium, or salts; can cause severe pain as they pass through the ureters.
Common obstruction points include:
- Junction of ureters and renal pelvis
- Ureters crossing pelvic inlet
- Passage through bladder wall.

Steps for Urine Elimination

Involves sequence: Nephrons -> Collecting ducts -> Renal papillae -> Minor calyces -> Major calyces -> Renal pelvis -> Ureters -> Urinary bladder -> Urethra.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards focusing on key components such as kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Each card provides definitions and context for important terms related to urinary anatomy. Perfect for students and anyone interested in human anatomy.