Biology Midterm Exam Study Guide

The study of life.

Soil type.

The ability to regulate their internal conditions.

<p>Amount of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the type of soil affects growth, then potting soil will be the best for kidney beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being complex and organized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit capacity to respond to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulators control the progression of the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of meiosis is to produce genetic variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haploid cells have half a chromosome count, while diploid cells have a full chromosome count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA helicase unwinds the double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome based on the anti-codon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strand of DNA is unwound, and mRNA is produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds allow water to have a high specific heat and facilitate chemical reactions, making it essential for life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates function in cell-to-cell recognition, acting like name tags for cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell membrane is primarily composed of phospholipids, with a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails, along with proteins and carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vacuole stores nutrients and waste products and helps maintain turgor pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity by preventing the fatty acid tails from sticking together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular metabolism refers to chemical reactions within the cell. Anabolic processes build larger molecules while catabolic processes break them down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy required for chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough ER is responsible for synthesizing proteins and membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuoles serve as storage containers for water, toxins, and food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation for cellular respiration is: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food, while heterotrophs cannot and must obtain food from other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of dominance explains this.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mendel primarily used pea plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is known as a monohybrid cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is called a dihybrid cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterozygous means having two different alleles for a trait, such as Aa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete dominance occurs when neither trait is fully expressed, resulting in a blending of traits, like a grey flower from white and black flowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex-linked traits are significant because they are located on sex chromosomes and can affect inheritance patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pedigree is a chart that shows the inheritance patterns of a trait within a family.</p> Signup and view all the answers