Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide

A systematic approach to gaining knowledge through observation, experimentation, and analysis to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.

A sequence of information transfer in cells, starting with DNA, then to RNA, then protein. DNA holds the blueprint for making protein, RNA copies the blueprint, and protein carries out the instructions.

The basic unit of life, enclosed by a membrane and containing all the essential structures for life. It can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

A process by which young sunflower plants track the movement of the sun throughout the day, maximizing their exposure to sunlight for optimal growth.

A testable prediction that attempts to explain an observation or phenomenon.

A controlled experiment designed to test a hypothesis by manipulating one variable while keeping others constant.

The information gathered during an experiment, usually in the form of numbers or observations.

The process of analyzing data to draw conclusions about a hypothesis, based on the evidence collected.

The ability of a cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This key principle allows cells to function optimally.

The division of a cell into specialized compartments, each with its own unique function, by membrane-bound organelles. This allows for greater efficiency and organization within the cell.

A type of lipid, composed of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, forming the structural basis of the plasma membrane. This bilayer arrangement controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Proteins embedded within the plasma membrane, acting as channels, pumps, receptors, and enzymes. These proteins play a crucial role in transporting molecules, communicating with the environment, and regulating cell processes.

The difference in concentration of a particular molecule across the plasma membrane. Cells utilize these gradients to drive movement of molecules, either passively or actively, across the membrane.