Biology: Macromolecules and Their Types
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following elements are commonly found in organic molecules?

  • Sodium, Chlorine, Water
  • Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
  • Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
  • Both A and B (correct)

    • Inorganic molecules are derived from living matter.

    False

    What type of large molecules are composed of repeating smaller units?

    macromolecules

    A molecule that can be joined together in a repeating fashion to form a polymer is called a ______.

    <p>monomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Monomer = A small molecule that can be joined to make a larger molecule Polymer = A large molecule made of repeating smaller units Organic Molecule = Relating to or derived from living matter Inorganic Molecule = Constitutes nonliving matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of macromolecule?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the building of a polymer, energy is released.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chemical reaction where two or more substances interact with each other is called a ______.

    <p>process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to join two monosaccharides together?

    <p>Dehydration reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are characterized by a hydrogen to oxygen atom ratio of approximately 1:2.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

    <p>monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disaccharide contains two ______ that have joined during a dehydration reaction.

    <p>monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carbohydrates with their description:

    <p>Monosaccharide = Simple sugar Disaccharide = Two monosaccharides joined together Polysaccharide = Long polymers of many glucose subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Long-term energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hexose?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all steroids?

    <p>They all have four fused carbon rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrolysis is a reaction that removes water components -OH and -H.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol is only produced by the body when needed for the production of testosterone and estrogen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two examples of steroids that are produced by the body?

    <p>cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ are required for the development of secondary female characteristics, such as body hair and fat distribution.

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lipids with their descriptions:

    <p>Triglyceride = Composed of fatty acids Phospholipid = Component of cell membranes Steroid = Has a core structure of four fused rings Waxes = Acts as a protective layer on plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Their carbon chain is filled with all the hydrogen atoms it can hold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated fatty acids are typically solid at room temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two distinct structural configurations of unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>cis and trans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A triglyceride is composed of one glycerol molecule and ______ fatty acid molecules.

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a storage form of glucose in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a phospholipid is considered hydrophilic?

    <p>Glycerol and Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose is easily digestible by humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids form a monolayer in cellular membranes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural polysaccharide found in plants?

    <p>cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phospholipids in cellular membranes?

    <p>To form the bilayer that separates the extracellular and intracellular environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The monomer of a lipid is a _______ _______.

    <p>fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of lipids with their characteristics:

    <p>Triglycerides = Long-term energy storage Phospholipids = Component of cell membranes Steroids = Component of hormones Waxes = Protection and preventing water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is generally of plant origin and liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

    <p>Component of genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides are sometimes referred to as ________ carbohydrates.

    <p>complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macromolecules of Life

    • Macromolecules are large molecules made of smaller molecules (monomers)
    • Monomers can be joined together to form more complex molecules called polymers
    • Examples of macromolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

    Organic vs Inorganic Molecules

    • Organic molecules are related to or derived from living matter
    • Inorganic molecules are nonliving matter (e.g., NaCl, H₂O)
    • Organic molecules contain C, H, N, O, as essential elements
    • Inorganic molecules may contain other elements

    Types of Macromolecules

    • Carbohydrates

      • Monomer: Monosaccharide
      • Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose
      • Energy source for living organisms
      • Play a structural role in woody plants, bacteria, animals
      • Involved in cell-to-cell recognition

    • Proteins

      • Monomer: Amino acid
      • Involved in numerous bodily functions
      • Examples: enzymes, hormones, structural proteins

    • Lipids

      • Monomer: Fatty acid
      • Insoluble in water
      • Examples: fats, oils, waxes.
      • Long-term energy storage compounds
      • Vital component of cell membranes
      • Important for insulation and protection

    • Nucleic Acids

      • Monomer: Nucleotide
      • Examples: DNA and RNA
      • Responsible for storing genetic information
      • Crucial for cell functioning

    Macromolecule Formation

    • Polymers form when monomers bond together
    • This process is often called dehydration reaction
    • Energy may be absorbed or released

    Dehydration and Hydrolysis

    • Dehydration reaction involves the removal of water molecules during the formation of polymers
    • Hydrolysis is the breaking down of polymers by adding a water molecule

    Carbohydrates: Types

    • Monosaccharides

      • Simplest carbohydrates; examples: glucose, fructose, galactose

    • Disaccharides

      • Composed of two monosaccharides; examples: maltose, sucrose, lactose

    • Polysaccharides

      • Composed of many monosaccharides; examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose

      • Glycogen: Storage form of glucose in animals

      • Starch: Storage form of glucose in plants

      • Cellulose: Structural component in plants

    Lipids: Types

    • Triglycerides: Composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids – Fatty acids: Hydrocarbon chains ending with -COOH – Saturated: No double bonds – Unsaturated: Double bonds
    • Phospholipids: Structural components of cell membranes; have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
    • Steroids: Four fused carbon rings; examples include cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen
    • Waxes: Used for protection and preventing water loss

    Phospholipids

    • Major components of cell membranes
    • Form a bilayer where one end interacts with the water environment

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    Macromolecules Of Life: Carbohydrates And Lipids PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of macromolecules, including their structure, types, and differences between organic and inorganic molecules. It specifically focuses on carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, highlighting their monomers and functions in living organisms.

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