Macromolecules and Organic Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a macromolecule?

Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.

What does organic chemistry study?

Compounds that have bonds between carbon atoms.

What is a monosaccharide?

Simple sugar.

What is a catalyst?

<p>Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleotide?

<p>A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical reaction?

<p>Energy requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in a substance are changed into a different substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is activation energy?

<p>Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to start forming products in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polymerization?

<p>Large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds does a saturated fat have?

<p>Single.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of macromolecules do monosaccharides belong to?

<p>Carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of macromolecules does DNA belong to?

<p>Nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of macromolecules do enzymes belong to?

<p>Proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of macromolecules do steroids belong to?

<p>Lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do a group of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring belong to?

<p>Carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol belong to?

<p>Lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule belong to?

<p>Proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone?

<p>Nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecules is the main source of energy for living things?

<p>Carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of proteins?

<p>Form bones and muscles, help fight disease, and transport substances in and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polysaccharides are made up of?

<p>Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and maltose).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are made up of?

<p>Fatty acids (carbon and hydrogen).</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA and DNA are made up of?

<p>Nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are made up of?

<p>Amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Starch is made up of?

<p>Carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds involve electrons that are?

<p>Transferred between the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonds involve electrons that are?

<p>Shared between the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how an enzyme attaches to a substrate.

<p>Once a substrate binds to the active site, the site changes shape and forms the enzyme-substrate complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, the substances that react with each other are called?

<p>Reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The substances that are produced in the end are called?

<p>Products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monomer?

<p>Smaller units linked together to form a chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide three examples of monomers.

<p>Glucose, fructose, and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide three examples of lipids.

<p>Fats, oils, and waxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are lipids water soluble?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes _____ a chemical reaction. They do this while ________ the products and the temperatures of the reaction.

<p>Speed up, changing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are a type of catalyst that help essential biochemical reactions occur fast enough to maintain _______

<p>the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Catalysts affect chemical reactions by lowering its?

<p>Activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes change during a chemical reaction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can alter enzyme activity?

<p>pH, temperature, and other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does spontaneously mean in the context of exothermic reactions?

<p>Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macromolecules

  • Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules.
  • Key categories include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Organic Chemistry

  • Study of compounds containing carbon atoms and their bonds.

Monosaccharides

  • Simple sugars that serve as building blocks for carbohydrates.

Catalysts

  • Substances that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Nucleotides

  • Subunits of nucleic acids consisting of a simple sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Chemical Reactions

  • Processes that require energy, where atoms or groups are transformed into different substances.

Activation Energy

  • Minimum energy required for reactants to convert into products in a chemical reaction.

Polymerization

  • Process of forming large compounds by joining smaller units together.

Saturated Fats

  • Characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms.

Macromolecules Categories

  • Monosaccharides belong to carbohydrates, DNA to nucleic acids, enzymes to proteins, and steroids to lipids.

Structural Features

  • Carbohydrates can feature rings of six carbon atoms.
  • Lipids often consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
  • Proteins are chains of amino acids that fold into complex structures.
  • Nucleic acids have sequences of nitrogenous bases bonded to a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Primary Functions

  • Carbohydrates are the main energy source for living organisms.
  • Proteins serve multiple functions: forming muscle and bone, fighting diseases, and transporting materials across cell membranes.

Macromolecule Composition

  • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
  • Lipids are primarily made from fatty acids.
  • Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are composed of nucleotides.
  • Proteins consist of amino acids.
  • Starch is a form of carbohydrate.

Types of Chemical Bonds

  • Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
  • Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.

Enzyme-Substrate Interaction

  • Enzymes attach to substrates at the active site, which shapes to fit the substrate during the binding process.

Chemical Reaction Components

  • Reactants are substances that undergo reactions, while products are the substances formed at the end of a reaction.

Monomers and Examples

  • Monomers are smaller units that link to form chains. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Lipid Examples

  • Common lipids include fats, oils, and waxes.

DNA

  • Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the molecule carrying genetic information.

Solubility of Lipids

  • Lipids are generally not water-soluble.

Enzyme Functions

  • Enzymes speed up reactions without altering the products or the overall temperature of the reaction.

Impact of Environmental Factors

  • Enzyme activity can be influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of other substances.

Exothermic Reactions

  • These reactions release energy and occur spontaneously; reactions that absorb energy require an external energy source to proceed.

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Description

Test your knowledge of macromolecules and their significance in organic chemistry. This quiz covers categories like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, along with key concepts such as polymers, catalysts, and chemical reactions. Dive in to solidify your understanding of these essential topics!

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