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Questions and Answers
Which life function is solely needed for a species to persist but not for individual organisms?
Which life function is solely needed for a species to persist but not for individual organisms?
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration?
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration?
What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP production?
What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP production?
What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
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Which of the following statements about proteins is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about proteins is incorrect?
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Which cellular structure acts as a semi-permeable barrier allowing materials to move in and out of the cell?
Which cellular structure acts as a semi-permeable barrier allowing materials to move in and out of the cell?
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In which part of the cell does the process of respiration occur?
In which part of the cell does the process of respiration occur?
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What is released as a product during dehydration synthesis?
What is released as a product during dehydration synthesis?
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Which term describes the chemical activities that are essential for maintaining life?
Which term describes the chemical activities that are essential for maintaining life?
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What is the correct order of organization from simplest to most complex in living organisms?
What is the correct order of organization from simplest to most complex in living organisms?
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Which component is not part of the energy pyramid in ecosystems?
Which component is not part of the energy pyramid in ecosystems?
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Which of the following is not a function of the vacuole in a cell?
Which of the following is not a function of the vacuole in a cell?
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What indicates the function of specific proteins in the body?
What indicates the function of specific proteins in the body?
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What happens to photosynthesis when exposed to green light?
What happens to photosynthesis when exposed to green light?
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Which cycle incorporates both respiration and photosynthesis as key processes for carbon and oxygen exchange?
Which cycle incorporates both respiration and photosynthesis as key processes for carbon and oxygen exchange?
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What type of macromolecule is stored energy primarily composed of?
What type of macromolecule is stored energy primarily composed of?
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Study Notes
Life Functions
- Living organisms take in materials for growth and repair (Nutrition)
- Materials are distributed throughout the organism (Transport)
- Nutrients are broken down to make energy (Respiration)
- Cellular/metabolic waste is removed (Excretion)
- Organisms increase in size or cell number (Growth)
- Smaller molecules combine to create larger ones (Synthesis)
- Various activities are controlled and coordinated (Regulation)
- Offspring are produced (Reproduction); needed for species survival, not individual survival
- Chemical activities to maintain life (Metabolism)
- Maintaining a stable internal environment (Homeostasis)
Cells
- Levels of organization are Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
- Organelles are specialized structures inside cells that perform specific tasks
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
- Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a specific function
- Organs are groups of tissues working together
- Organ systems are groups of organs working together
- An organism is made up of many organ systems
Parts of the Cell/Cell Organelles
- Cell membrane: A semi-permeable layer that controls material movement into and out of the cell
- Cell wall: Structural support for plant cells
- Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance that holds organelles in place
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic information
- Mitochondria: Produces energy through cellular respiration
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis
- Vacuoles: Store materials
- Chloroplasts: Sites of photosynthesis (plants only)
Plants
- Leaves have guard cells/stomates for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out), water movement, and maintenance of homeostasis under various conditions.
- Stomates open/close based on conditions like wet/dry or day/night.
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in the leaf.
- Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are used to create glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis Equation
- 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration
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Aerobic respiration: Oxygen is used to produce 36 ATP (energy), while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP without using oxygen.
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ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell obtained during respiration.
Energy Pyramid
- Producers (autotrophs)
- Primary consumers
- Secondary consumers
- 10% of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next, 90% is lost.
- Decomposers, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are part of food webs and food chains.
Biochemistry
- Energy is stored in chemical bonds.
- Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen
- Water does not contain carbon
- Macromolecule building blocks: amino acids (proteins), fatty acids and glycerol (lipids), simple sugars (carbohydrates) and nucleotides (nucleic acids).
- Proteins are made of amino acids.
- Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol and are crucial for cell membranes.
- Carbohydrates (sugars, starch) are primarily made of glucose .
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are needed for genetic information.
Body Systems
- Nervous system: Sends messages
- Circulatory system: Transports materials
- Respiratory system: Gas exchange (takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide)
- Excretory system: Removes waste
- Digestive system: Breaks down food
Dehydration Synthesis
- Building larger molecules from smaller molecules, releases water as a byproduct.
Hydrolysis
- Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones by adding water as a reactant
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Description
Test your knowledge on the vital functions of living organisms and the basic units of life. This quiz covers essential topics such as nutrition, transport, respiration, and homeostasis, as well as the organization of cells and tissues. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of these fundamental concepts.
