Questions and Answers
What is an organelle?
What is the basic unit of all forms of life?
Cell
What is a tissue?
Group of similar cells that perform a particular function
What defines an organ?
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Prokaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus.
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What are eukaryotic cells characterized by?
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Animal cells have a cell wall.
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Plant cells have chloroplasts.
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What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
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What do ribosomes do?
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What is the function of mitochondria?
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What do chloroplasts convert?
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What controls what is allowed to enter or leave the cell?
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What is the function of the cell wall?
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What do lysosomes do?
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What does a vacuole store?
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What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum used for?
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What is the cytoplasm?
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What is a compound microscope used for?
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Study Notes
Cell Basics
- Cells: The fundamental unit of life; all living organisms are composed of cells.
- Tissues: Collections of similar cells that perform a specific function.
- Organs: Composed of multiple tissues working together to carry out related tasks.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a nucleus. Smaller and simpler in structure, primarily found in bacteria.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain a nucleus housing DNA. More complex with specialized organelles; examples include animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells.
Organelles and Their Functions
- Organelle: A specialized subunit within a cell with specific functions.
- Nucleus: Stores DNA and regulates cell activities; features pores for molecule exchange.
- Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins by translating RNA into polypeptide chains; essential for producing hormones aiding in homeostasis.
- Mitochondria: Generates ATP by converting sugar into energy; characterized by a folding inner structure.
- Chloroplast: Performs photosynthesis, converting CO2 and water into sugar, exclusively found in plant cells; contains chlorophyll.
- Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable barrier regulating material entry/exit; composed of lipids and proteins, involved in cell signaling.
- Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection to plant cells; consists of complex carbohydrates.
- Lysosome: Digestive organelle containing enzymes to break down waste and damaged components.
- Vacuole: Storage organelle holding food, water, and waste; particularly large in plant cells.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins into vesicles for cellular transport.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Site of protein folding; rough ER is studded with ribosomes, indicating protein synthesis.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like fluid facilitating the movement of materials and organelles, containing salts and nutrients for cellular function.
Microscopes
- Compound Microscope: Tool for examining microscopic objects not visible to the naked eye, essential for cell study.
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Description
Explore the essential terms associated with cells, organs, and tissues through this set of flashcards. Each card provides a precise definition to enhance your understanding of cellular biology concepts. Ideal for students learning about cell structure and function.