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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of iron utilized in the body?
What is the role of zinc in DNA synthesis?
What is the effect of a zinc deficiency in infants and children?
What is the role of iodine in the body?
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What is the effect of a severe zinc deficiency in adults?
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What is the function of zinc fingers in DNA synthesis?
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What is the biologically active form of thiamine?
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What is the result of thiamine deficiency on cellular function?
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What is the primary function of thiamine in energy metabolism?
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What is the consequence of excessive thiamine consumption?
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What is the relationship between thiamine and exercise?
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What is a common deficiency disease associated with thiamine deficiency?
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What is a consequence of magnesium deficiency?
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What is the role of phosphorus in the body?
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Iron is a key component of which proteins in the electron transport chain?
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Which of the following is a rare occurrence?
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What is the role of magnesium in metabolic reactions?
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Where can phosphorus be found in the diet?
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Study Notes
Iron
- Essential for metabolic reactions primarily in the liver, aiding detoxification.
- Crucial for DNA synthesis and the majority of body iron is recycled from red blood cell breakdown.
- Key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, facilitating oxygen transport.
- Integral to numerous metabolic enzymes, especially in the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis.
Zinc
- Acts as a cofactor for over 200 enzymes, essential for RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis.
- Zinc fingers are protein regions that bind to DNA, assisting in genetic code copying.
- Involved in energy metabolism; deficiency in infants and children impacts growth.
- Cereal grains and vegetables contain phytates that inhibit zinc absorption in the gut.
- Severe deficiency in adults results in hair loss, diarrhea, skin sores, appetite loss, and weight loss.
- Zinc is vital for synthesizing heme in hemoglobin; inadequate zinc intake can lead to anemia.
Iodine
- A trace mineral essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.
- Regulates basal metabolism, growth, and development; an important mineral for overall health.
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
- Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form, crucial for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.
- Plays a role in DNA and RNA production and neurotransmitter synthesis.
- Water-soluble; excess is excreted, necessitating regular intake, especially during exercise.
- Deficiency can lead to reduced ATP production and impaired cellular function.
- Associated with beriberi (muscle wasting, nerve damage) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (memory impairment, nerve damage).
Vitamin B12
- Malabsorption more common in elderly individuals due to aging-related digestive issues, impacting overall health.
Magnesium
- Eleventh most abundant element in the human body, acts as a cofactor in hundreds of metabolic reactions.
- Forms a complex with ATP, involved in energy synthesis, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA.
- Necessary for muscle relaxation post-contraction; deficiency can result in muscle cramping.
Phosphorus
- Enters the body mainly as phosphate (PO4) and found in legumes, grains, meat, milk, and soft drinks.
- Essential for forming calcium phosphate in bones, DNA components, phospholipids, and ATP.
- Deficiency is rare but can lead to weakness, poor bone health, and bone pain.
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Description
This quiz covers the roles of iron and zinc in the human body, including their involvement in metabolic reactions, DNA synthesis, and enzyme function.
