Nutrition Basics: Carbohydrates and Proteins

Macronutrients

• Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, with 4 kcal of energy per gram of carbohydrate consumed
• They are classified into simple (sugars) and complex (polysaccharides) forms, with examples including glucose, fructose, galactose, starch, cellulose, and glycogen
• Carbohydrates serve as an energy source for the brain and red blood cells, spare protein from being used for energy, and provide fiber for digestion and satiety

Proteins

• Proteins provide energy for the body, with 4 kcal of energy per gram of protein consumed
• They are the building blocks of tissues, including muscles, bones, skin, and hair
• Proteins perform various functions, including growth and repair of tissues, production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, and maintenance of fluid balance and pH

Fats

• Fats provide energy for the body, with 9 kcal of energy per gram of fat consumed
• They are classified into saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats, with examples including butter, lard, olive oil, and fish oil
• Fats serve as an energy source, provide insulation and thermoregulation, and facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K

Micronutrients

• Minerals are inorganic elements essential for various bodily functions
• They are classified into macrominerals and microminerals, with macrominerals required in large amounts (>100 mg/day)
• Calcium is essential for bone health and muscle function, while phosphorus is crucial for bone health and energy production
• Magnesium is necessary for muscle function and nerve function, and potassium plays a key role in heart function and blood pressure regulation

Learn about the functions and characteristics of carbohydrates and proteins, including their energy provision, classification, and roles in the human body.