17 Questions
What factors contribute to competition in populations?
Food sources and predation
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor affecting population sizes?
Topography
How does niche differentiation help reduce intra-specific competition?
By minimizing overlap in resource use
What is the ecological concept related to the progressive, sequential replacement of species in a community?
Ecological succession
Calculating density involves determining the number of organisms per unit area. Which of these units is commonly used for this calculation?
Organisms per square meter
What is a key aspect of preventing the spread of common endemic diseases according to the text?
Identifying ecological conditions that favor disease spread
Which of the following is an important step in disease prevention according to the text?
Controlling the biology of disease vectors
How can pollution be categorized according to the text?
Into air, water, and soil pollutants
How does drought or scarcity of water affect the population size?
Causes food shortage
Why is understanding the biology of disease vectors important according to the text?
To relate their biology to disease spread and control
What is a key role of sanitation with regard to human health according to the text?
Emphasizing solid waste management and sewage disposal
Why does lack of space in a population increase disease rates?
Increased contact between individuals
How can pollutants be controlled according to the text?
By assessing and implementing specific control methods
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?
Primary succession always starts on bare rock or sand
How do biotic factors affect plant population stability in ecological succession?
Enhance species diversity
What role do inorganic components play in soil fertility?
Enhance soil structure
How does compaction of soil affect plant growth?
Limits water and air infiltration
Study Notes
Biomes
- Tropical rainforest, Guinea savanna (southern and northern), Sudan Savanna, Desert, Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu -, Jos -, Mambilla - Plateaus are the 4 local biomes in Nigeria.
Adaptation to Habitats
- Terrestrial/arboreal habitats include tree-tops, abandoned farmland, dry grassy fields, and burrows or holes.
The Ecology of Populations
- Population density and overcrowding are influenced by biotic (food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability) and abiotic (temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH) factors.
- Adaptation for survival involves competition, intra-specific and inter-specific competition, and factors affecting population size.
Population Density
- Density is calculated as the number of organisms per unit area.
Human Population and Environment
- Diseases spread due to ecological conditions, and sanitation and sewage are crucial for disease prevention.
- Pollution sources, types, effects, and methods of control are important for environmental conservation.
Conservation of Natural Resources
- Pollutants can be categorized into air, water, and soil pollution, and their effects on human health and environmental degradation are significant.
Ecological Succession
- Primary and secondary succession lead to stability in plant populations.
Soil
- Characteristics of different soil types (sandy, loamy, clayey) include soil structure, porosity, capillarity, and humus content.
- Soil fertility can be lost due to factors like inorganic matter, compaction, leaching, erosion, and repeated cropping with one variety.
- Soil conservation practices include contour ridging, terracing, mulching, poly-cropping, stripcropping, and use of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Test your knowledge on how organisms adapt to different Nigerian biomes, including tropical rainforest, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna, desert, and highlands of montane forests and grasslands. Explore how plants and animals thrive in various habitats like tree-tops, abandoned farmland, dry grassy fields, and burrows.
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