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What is the main effect of nitrate deficiency in plants?
What is the main effect of nitrate deficiency in plants?
Magnesium deficiency can result in chlorosis, marked by yellow leaves.
Magnesium deficiency can result in chlorosis, marked by yellow leaves.
True
Name one symptom of disease in plants.
Name one symptom of disease in plants.
Stunted growth
The __________ system releases hormones into the bloodstream.
The __________ system releases hormones into the bloodstream.
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Match the following hormones with their primary functions:
Match the following hormones with their primary functions:
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What is the main problem in Type 1 diabetes?
What is the main problem in Type 1 diabetes?
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What is the primary function of the left atrium?
What is the primary function of the left atrium?
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In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin entirely.
In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin entirely.
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What are the two main methods suggested for curing Type 1 diabetes?
What are the two main methods suggested for curing Type 1 diabetes?
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The left ventricle has weaker contractions than the right ventricle.
The left ventricle has weaker contractions than the right ventricle.
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Thyroxine, produced in the neck, plays an important part in _____ and _____ of the body.
Thyroxine, produced in the neck, plays an important part in _____ and _____ of the body.
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What is the purpose of a stent in the treatment of coronary heart disease?
What is the purpose of a stent in the treatment of coronary heart disease?
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The sharp mouthparts of aphids allow them to penetrate the ______ vessel in plant cells.
The sharp mouthparts of aphids allow them to penetrate the ______ vessel in plant cells.
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Match the type of diabetes with its characteristics:
Match the type of diabetes with its characteristics:
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Which substance is primarily controlled by statins?
Which substance is primarily controlled by statins?
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Match the following to their effects on plants:
Match the following to their effects on plants:
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Aphids are known for feeding on plant roots.
Aphids are known for feeding on plant roots.
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What adaptation helps alveoli enhance gas exchange?
What adaptation helps alveoli enhance gas exchange?
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What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?
What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?
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What effect does adrenaline have on heart rate?
What effect does adrenaline have on heart rate?
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ADH regulates the growth rate in adults.
ADH regulates the growth rate in adults.
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Which hormone stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen?
Which hormone stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen?
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Adrenaline is released only during physical stress, not emotional stress.
Adrenaline is released only during physical stress, not emotional stress.
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The hormone __________ controls the level of glucose in the blood.
The hormone __________ controls the level of glucose in the blood.
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What role does the hypothalamus play in temperature regulation?
What role does the hypothalamus play in temperature regulation?
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Adrenaline helps convert stored glycogen in the liver to __________ for respiration.
Adrenaline helps convert stored glycogen in the liver to __________ for respiration.
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Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?
Which hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?
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Match the following physiological responses with their corresponding conditions:
Match the following physiological responses with their corresponding conditions:
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Match the endocrine gland with its function:
Match the endocrine gland with its function:
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Which statement is true regarding the effects of adrenaline?
Which statement is true regarding the effects of adrenaline?
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Glycogen is converted back into glucose when blood glucose levels are low.
Glycogen is converted back into glucose when blood glucose levels are low.
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If body temperature fluctuates even slightly from 37 degrees, it can negatively affect enzyme performance.
If body temperature fluctuates even slightly from 37 degrees, it can negatively affect enzyme performance.
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What is the role of TSH in the endocrine system?
What is the role of TSH in the endocrine system?
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What happens to blood flow in the body when the temperature rises?
What happens to blood flow in the body when the temperature rises?
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What is the primary function of the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
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Urea is a harmless product that can be stored in the body without consequence.
Urea is a harmless product that can be stored in the body without consequence.
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What two main waste products must be removed from the body due to their toxicity?
What two main waste products must be removed from the body due to their toxicity?
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Water leaves the body through the __________ every time you exhale.
Water leaves the body through the __________ every time you exhale.
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Match the following waste products with their sources:
Match the following waste products with their sources:
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Study Notes
Biology - Human Heart
- The heart acts as a pump, taking blood to and from the lungs and the entire body
- The left ventricle is more muscular than the right because it pumps blood around the whole body needing greater force
- Coronary heart disease can often be treated using a stent (metal mesh) to open the arteries
- Alternatively, cardiovascular disease can be treated with statins, which control cholesterol levels, slowing the buildup of fatty material in the coronary arteries.
Biology - Breathing and Gas Exchange
- Alveoli (air sacs) have a large surface area for efficient gas exchange
- The rich blood supply of capillaries maintains a steep concentration gradient for gas exchange, aiding in its speed and effectiveness.
Biology - Plant Diseases
- Aphids are insects that pierce plant phloem and feed on sugars, impeding photosynthesis and weakening plants.
- Aphids can also transmit viruses, bacteria, and fungi to healthy plants.
- Non-communicable diseases (mineral deficiencies) are caused by a lack of vital mineral ions in the soil
- Deficiency in nitrate ions affect growth and protein synthesis
- Deficiency in magnesium ions affect chlorophyll production and photosynthesis, leading to noticeable yellowing of leaves.
Biology - Human Coordination and Endocrine Glands
- The endocrine system uses hormones to control the body's internal environment.
- The pituitary gland is the "master gland" controlling other endocrine glands.
- Rapid-acting hormones (e.g., insulin, adrenaline) produce quicker effects while slow-acting hormones (e.g., growth hormones) have longer-term impacts.
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) stimulates the production of thyroxine.
Biology - Blood Glucose Control
- Blood glucose levels need to be controlled for enzymes to work efficiently, and to maintain correct body functions
- The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose when levels are high, allowing the glucose to be used in cells to produce energy.
- When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon to increase the glucose in the blood.
- Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn't produce insulin
- Type 2 diabetes occurs when cells don't respond to insulin properly.
Biology - Role of Negative Feedback
- Negative feedback mechanisms maintain a constant internal environment.
- Examples include mechanisms that control blood glucose levels or body temperature.
- Thyroxine regulates metabolic rate in the body.
- Adrenaline is released in response to stress or excitement, preparing the body for "fight or flight".
Biology - Homeostasis (Body Temperature)
- The body maintains a constant internal temperature of approximately 37 degrees Celsius.
- The hypothalamus regulates body temperature using negative feedback mechanisms.
- Cooling mechanisms include vasodilation of blood vessels (increased blood flow), sweating, and behavioral changes.
- Warming mechanisms include vasoconstriction of blood vessels (reduced blood flow), shivering, and behavioral changes.
Biology - Removing Waste Products
- Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration, removed from the body by exhaling.
- Urea is a waste product formed in the liver, removed from the body by the kidneys and excreted as urine.
- Maintaining water and electrolyte balance removes excess salt and water through sweat, urine, and exhaling.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of human heart anatomy and functions, the mechanics of breathing and gas exchange, as well as the impact of diseases on plants, such as aphids. Test your knowledge on how these biological systems function and interact with the environment.
