Biology Fundamentals: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es el objetivo principal del estudio de la ecología?

  • Estudiar la genética de las especies
  • Analizar las interacciones entre los organismos y su entorno (correct)
  • Desarrollar nuevas tecnologías para la conservación del medio ambiente
  • Investigar la evolución de las especies

    • ¿Qué es un factor abiótico en un ecosistema?

  • Un proceso como la fotosíntesis o la respiración
  • Un organismo vivo, como una planta o un animal
  • Una especie invasora en un ecosistema
  • Un componente no vivo, como la luz o la temperatura (correct)

    • ¿Qué es un servicio del ecosistema?

  • Un proceso como la fotosíntesis o la respiración
  • Un factor abiótico, como la luz o la temperatura
  • Un organismo vivo, como una planta o un animal
  • Un beneficio proporcionado por un ecosistema, como la purificación del aire o del agua (correct)

    • ¿Qué es una red trófica?

    <p>Una red de interacciones entre predadores y presas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es la energía en una cadena trófica?

    <p>El movimiento de energía de un nivel trófico al siguiente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es el ADN?

    <p>Una molécula que contiene información genética</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es un gen?

    <p>Un unidad de herencia que lleva información de una generación a la siguiente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es el fenotipo de un individuo?

    <p>Sus características físicas y comportamentales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Quién descubrió las leyes de la herencia?

    <p>Gregor Mendel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es la genética?

    <p>El estudio de la herencia, los genes y la variación genética</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ecology

    • Study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment
    • Examines the interactions between organisms and their physical environment (e.g. climate, soil, water)
    • Focuses on the dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems

    Key Concepts:

    • Biotic factors: living components of an ecosystem (e.g. plants, animals, microorganisms)
    • Abiotic factors: non-living components of an ecosystem (e.g. light, temperature, water)
    • Ecosystem services: benefits provided by ecosystems (e.g. air and water purification, soil formation)
    • Food webs: networks of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem
    • Energy flow: movement of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem

    Genetics

    • Study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
    • Examines the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
    • Focuses on the structure and function of genes and genomes

    Key Concepts:

    • DNA: double-stranded molecule containing genetic information
    • Genes: units of heredity that carry information from one generation to the next
    • Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual
    • Phenotype: physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual
    • Mendel's laws: principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel (e.g. segregation, independent assortment)

    Evolution

    • Study of the changes in the characteristics of populations over time
    • Examines the processes that shape the diversity of life on Earth
    • Focuses on the adaptation of populations to their environment

    Key Concepts:

    • Natural selection: process by which populations adapt to their environment
    • Speciation: formation of new species
    • Adaptation: trait that increases an individual's fitness in a given environment
    • Fossil record: chronological record of the history of life on Earth
    • Homologous structures: structures shared between different species that have a common evolutionary origin

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    Description

    Explore the basics of biology, covering the relationships between living organisms and their environment, the study of heredity and genetics, and the changes in populations over time.

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