Questions and Answers
What is the term for something passed from one generation to the next?
What do we call all or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group?
Genotype
What term describes the physical and physiological traits of an organism determined by its genetic makeup?
Phenotype
What are the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at the same place on a chromosome called?
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What is the term for a genetic trait that is considered dominant?
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What do we call a trait that is only evident when an organism inherits two copies of a recessive allele?
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What is the term for having two identical alleles at one location on two homologous chromosomes?
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What do we call having two different alleles at one location on two homologous chromosomes?
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What is a person with a recessive allele for a genetic trait who does not display that trait called?
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What is the term for the sperm or egg from which a child is conceived?
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What is a family tree diagram showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations called?
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What are chromosomes not directly involved in determining sex called?
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What is one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual called?
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What is a simple graphical way to discover all potential combinations of an offspring's genotypes called?
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What is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that causes high LDL cholesterol levels called?
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What is the deposition of fats and/or cholesterol on artery walls that negatively impacts blood flow called?
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Study Notes
Genetic Terminology
- Inherited: Traits or characteristics passed from one generation to the next.
- Genotype: The complete set of genes in an individual, defining the genetic constitution.
- Phenotype: The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism influenced by its genotype.
Alleles and Traits
- Alleles: Different forms of a gene located at the same position on homologous chromosomes.
- Dominant Trait: A trait is dominant if it is expressed when only one copy of the associated gene is present.
- Recessive Trait: A trait that appears only when an organism inherits two copies of the recessive allele.
Genetic Combinations
- Homozygous: Organisms with two identical alleles for a specific gene (both alleles are the same).
- Heterozygous: Organisms with two different alleles for a specific gene (alleles differ).
Genetic Carriers and Gametes
- Carrier: An individual that possesses a recessive allele for a trait but does not express that trait.
- Gamete: The reproductive cells (sperm or egg) that unite to form a new organism.
Genetic Studies and Inheritance
- Pedigree: A diagram that tracks heritable traits across generations in a family, illustrating genetic relationships.
- Autosomes: Non-sex chromosomes (1-22) that do not determine an individual's sex.
- Sex Chromosomes: Chromosomes (X and Y) that are involved in determining the sex of an individual.
Predicting Genetic Outcomes
- Punnett Square: A diagram used to predict potential genotype combinations in offspring based on parental genotypes.
Genetic Conditions
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH): An autosomal dominant disorder leading to high "bad" LDL cholesterol levels, increasing the risk for atherosclerosis.
- Atherosclerosis: A condition characterized by the accumulation of fats and cholesterol in arterial walls, hindering blood flow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key genetics terms with these flashcards. Each card defines important concepts such as genotype, phenotype, and inheritance. Perfect for students studying biology and genetics!
