Biology Final Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?

To transport substances across membranes
To provide structural support to cells
To store genetic information
To catalyze and accelerate chemical reactions (correct)

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Amino acids
Nucleotides (correct)
Fatty acids
Simple sugars

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

An experiment that tests multiple independent variables simultaneously
An experiment that lacks any variables
An experiment that does not use any control group
An experiment where only one variable is changed while all others are kept constant (correct)

What characterizes prokaryotic cells that distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells?

<p>They lack membrane-bound organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

<p>It loses its functional shape and can no longer catalyze reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is a controlled experiment?

A controlled experiment is a scientific test where only one variable is changed at a time, with all other factors kept constant. This helps researchers isolate the effect of the manipulated variable and determine its impact on the outcome.

What is an independent variable?

The independent variable is the factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the experimenter in a controlled experiment. It's the cause you're testing to see if it has an effect.

What is a dependent variable?

The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in a controlled experiment. It's the effect that is expected to be influenced by the independent variable.

What is the purpose of a control group?

A control group serves as a baseline in a controlled experiment. It's a group that doesn't receive the experimental treatment (the independent variable). This helps researchers compare the results of the experimental group to the control group to see if the treatment truly had an effect.

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How do enzymes catalyze, or speed up chemical reactions?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do this by providing an alternative reaction pathway.

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Study Notes

Biology Final Study Guide

Characteristics of Life:
- Seven characteristics of life
- Brief description for each characteristic
- Levels of biological organization (smallest to largest)
Experimental Design:
- Defining a controlled experiment
- Independent variable
- Dependent variable
Claims, Evidence, and Reasoning:
- Define and give examples of claims, evidence, and reasoning
Macromolecules:
- Eight macromolecules
- Monomer for each macromolecule
- Functions of each macromolecule in the body
- Elements in all macromolecules
Enzymes:
- How enzymes catalyze reactions
- Graph of enzyme activity with temperature
- Definition of enzyme denaturation
Cell Structure and Function:
- Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Labeling parts of plant or animal cells