Biology: Fatty Liver and Lipotropic Factors

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of Fatty Liver (Steatosis)?

A normal decrease of triacylglycerol outside liver cells

An abnormal decrease of triacylglycerol inside liver cells

A normal accumulation of triacylglycerol outside liver cells

An abnormal accumulation of triacylglycerol inside liver cells (correct)

What type of fats accumulate inside liver cells in Fatty Liver (Steatosis)?

Phospholipids

Triacylglycerol (correct)

Cholesterol

Steroids

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of fats inside liver cells?

Hepatosis

Lipolysis

Steatosis (correct)

Lipogenesis

Where does the abnormal accumulation of triacylglycerol occur in Fatty Liver (Steatosis)?

Inside liver cells Signup and view all the answers

What is Fatty Liver also known as?

Steatosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a decrease in essential fatty acids?

Decrease in phospholipid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipotropic factors?

To mobilize triacylglycerol from the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of protein required for protein biosynthesis?

High biological value with essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased inositol, serine, or choline?

Decrease in phospholipid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protein with high biological value?

To supply the body with essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of oxidation of acetaldehyde?

Increased active acetate and subsequent lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of undermobilization of fats from the liver?

Lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetaldehyde oxidation on protein synthesis?

It decreases protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between acetaldehyde oxidation and lipogenesis?

Acetaldehyde oxidation promotes lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the liver's capacity to synthesize VLDL is exceeded?

Triacylglycerol accumulates Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of undermobilization of fats from the liver on lipogenesis?

It promotes lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver?

Fatty liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in VLDL synthesis?

To synthesize VLDL Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between VLDL synthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation?

VLDL synthesis decreases triacylglycerol accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of exceeding the liver's capacity to synthesize VLDL?

Fatty liver Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the biosynthesis of methyl groups for Choline?

Folic acid & B12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is known to inhibit lipid peroxidation?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of methionine and glycine betaine in Choline biosynthesis?

Provide labile methyl groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not directly related to choline biosynthesis?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between inositol and choline?

No direct relationship Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fatty Liver (Steatosis)

Fatty liver is an abnormal accumulation of triacylglycerol inside liver cells, exceeding the liver's capacity to synthesize VLDL.
Triacylglycerol accumulation leads to fatty liver, triggered by the oxidation of acetaldehyde, increasing active acetate and subsequent lipogenesis.
Underlying pathological changes include:
- Undermobilization of fats from the liver
- Decreased protein synthesis
- Decreased phospholipids synthesis
- Decreased essential fatty acids
- Decreased nitrogenous bases (e.g., inositol, serine, or choline)

Lipotropic Factors

Lipotropic factors are essential for the mobilization of triacylglycerol from the liver.
Substances necessary for lipotropic factors include:
- Protein of high biological value, supplying essential amino acids
- Inositol
- Choline
- Folic acid and B12, needed for the biosynthesis of methyl groups for choline
- Methionine and glycine betaine, containing labile methyl groups for choline biosynthesis
Vitamin E, which inhibits lipid peroxidation

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Description

Learn about fatty liver, also known as steatosis, its definition, and pathological changes. This quiz covers the abnormal accumulation of certain fats inside liver cells.