Podcast
Questions and Answers
The action of enzyme inhibitors may be reversible or irreversible.
The action of enzyme inhibitors may be reversible or irreversible.
True (A)
What process makes ATP a renewable resource?
What process makes ATP a renewable resource?
ATP can be regenerated by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.
How does ATP affect metabolism as it builds up in a cell?
How does ATP affect metabolism as it builds up in a cell?
ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor to many of the enzymes involved in metabolism.
What best characterizes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
What best characterizes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
What would the value of ΔS be for a chemical reaction breaking down a molecule?
What would the value of ΔS be for a chemical reaction breaking down a molecule?
How does ATP drive mechanical work inside a cell?
How does ATP drive mechanical work inside a cell?
Which of the following reactions is endergonic?
Which of the following reactions is endergonic?
Enzymes change the ΔG for the reaction.
Enzymes change the ΔG for the reaction.
What correctly states the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
What correctly states the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
How does ATP drive transport work inside a cell?
How does ATP drive transport work inside a cell?
An exergonic reaction __________ free energy, and an endergonic reaction __________ free energy.
An exergonic reaction __________ free energy, and an endergonic reaction __________ free energy.
What describes cofactors and coenzymes?
What describes cofactors and coenzymes?
What is correct about the active site of an enzyme?
What is correct about the active site of an enzyme?
An exergonic (spontaneous) reaction is a chemical reaction that __________.
An exergonic (spontaneous) reaction is a chemical reaction that __________.
ATP allosterically inhibits enzymes in ATP-producing pathways. The result of this is called __________.
ATP allosterically inhibits enzymes in ATP-producing pathways. The result of this is called __________.
If the entropy of a living organism is decreasing, what is most likely occurring?
If the entropy of a living organism is decreasing, what is most likely occurring?
In general, how does the hydrolysis of ATP drive cellular work?
In general, how does the hydrolysis of ATP drive cellular work?
What is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in biological reactions?
What is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in biological reactions?
What explains the difference in how pH affects enzyme function?
What explains the difference in how pH affects enzyme function?
The process of stabilizing the structure of an enzyme in its active form by the binding of a molecule is an example of __________.
The process of stabilizing the structure of an enzyme in its active form by the binding of a molecule is an example of __________.
Which of the following is true regarding metabolic pathways?
Which of the following is true regarding metabolic pathways?
What is changed by the presence of an enzyme in a reaction?
What is changed by the presence of an enzyme in a reaction?
The energy in an ATP molecule is released through hydrolysis of one of its phosphate groups.
The energy in an ATP molecule is released through hydrolysis of one of its phosphate groups.
What is correct regarding kinetic and potential energy?
What is correct regarding kinetic and potential energy?
How does enzyme activity get affected by pH?
How does enzyme activity get affected by pH?
What explains the difference in how temperature affects enzyme function?
What explains the difference in how temperature affects enzyme function?
Enzymes can lower the activation energy of reactions but can change the equilibrium point.
Enzymes can lower the activation energy of reactions but can change the equilibrium point.
What accurately defines energy coupling?
What accurately defines energy coupling?
What states the relevance of the first law of thermodynamics to biology?
What states the relevance of the first law of thermodynamics to biology?
Study Notes
Enzyme Inhibitors and Function
- Enzyme inhibitors can be reversible or irreversible, affecting reaction rates and pathways.
- Enzymes accelerate reactions without altering the change in free energy (ΔG).
- Active sites of enzymes function like grooves or pockets for substrate binding, facilitating reactions.
- Both cofactors (often metal ions) and coenzymes (organic molecules) assist enzyme activity as nonprotein helpers.
ATP and Cellular Metabolism
- ATP is regenerated from ADP through the addition of a phosphate group, making it a renewable resource.
- ATP's hydrolysis releases free energy, which can drive endergonic processes through phosphorylated intermediates.
- ATP serves as an allosteric inhibitor, reducing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways as its concentration increases.
- ATP drives mechanical and transport work by binding to motor proteins and phosphorylating transport proteins, respectively.
Energy Concepts and Reactions
- Exergonic reactions release free energy; endergonic reactions absorb free energy.
- The process of feedback inhibition occurs when ATP inhibits enzymes in pathways producing it.
- Energy coupling is vital, as exergonic reactions drive the necessary endergonic reactions for cellular work.
- The second law of thermodynamics applies to biological reactions, like aerobic respiration, which increases entropy.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- pH affects enzyme function; extreme pH levels can denature enzymes, impacting their active sites.
- Temperature influences enzyme activity; low temperatures result in slow reactions, while high temperatures can lead to denaturation.
- Metabolic pathways consist of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, each essential for biological processes.
Laws of Thermodynamics in Biology
- The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy can change forms, but total energy remains conserved within biological systems.
- Kinetic energy relates to the motion of objects, while potential energy is linked to an object's position or structure.
Thermal and Environmental Effects
- Enzymes may function optimally at specific temperatures and pH levels, and deviations can hinder performance.
- Energy inputs are crucial for living organisms to maintain order and counteract entropy, particularly when the organism's entropy decreases.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this set of flashcards focusing on Chapter 8 of your biology course. Topics include enzyme inhibitors, ATP regeneration, and metabolic processes. Perfect for extra credit preparation!
