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Questions and Answers
What is the main effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?
What is the main effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?
- Increasing its activity
- Changing its substrate
- Decreasing its activity (correct)
- Altering its structure
What type of bond is formed between an irreversible inhibitor and an enzyme?
What type of bond is formed between an irreversible inhibitor and an enzyme?
- Covalent bond (correct)
- Van der Waals bond
- Ionic bond
- Hydrogen bond
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind to an enzyme?
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind to an enzyme?
- Catalytic site
- Regulatory site
- Active site (correct)
- Allosteric site
What is the result of uncompetitive inhibition?
What is the result of uncompetitive inhibition?
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What is an example of a pharmacological application of inhibitors?
What is an example of a pharmacological application of inhibitors?
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Why are inhibitors important in biotechnological applications?
Why are inhibitors important in biotechnological applications?
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Study Notes
Definition
- An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme, thereby decreasing its activity.
Types of Inhibitors
- Reversible Inhibitors:
- Bind to the enzyme through non-covalent interactions.
- The inhibitor can dissociate from the enzyme, restoring its activity.
- Irreversible Inhibitors:
- Form a covalent bond with the enzyme.
- The inhibitor cannot dissociate from the enzyme, permanently inactivating it.
Mechanisms of Inhibition
- Competitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme.
- Blocks substrate binding, reducing enzyme activity.
- Uncompetitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme.
- Changes enzyme conformation, reducing its activity.
- Non-Competitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site.
- Reduces enzyme activity without affecting substrate binding.
Importance of Inhibitors
- Pharmacological Applications:
- Used as therapeutic agents to treat diseases.
- Examples: antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and chemotherapy agents.
- Biotechnological Applications:
- Used to enhance or modify enzymatic reactions.
- Examples: laundry detergents, biofuel production, and food processing.
Definition of Inhibitors
- Inhibitors are molecules that bind to enzymes, decreasing their activity.
Types of Inhibitors
- Reversible Inhibitors:
- Bind to enzymes through non-covalent interactions, allowing them to dissociate and restore enzyme activity.
- Irreversible Inhibitors:
- Form covalent bonds with enzymes, permanently inactivating them.
Mechanisms of Inhibition
- Competitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitors bind to the active site, blocking substrate binding and reducing enzyme activity.
- Uncompetitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitors bind to allosteric sites, changing enzyme conformation and reducing activity.
- Non-Competitive Inhibition:
- Inhibitors bind to sites other than the active site, reducing enzyme activity without affecting substrate binding.
Importance of Inhibitors
Pharmacological Applications
- Used as therapeutic agents to treat diseases.
- Examples: antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and chemotherapy agents.
Biotechnological Applications
- Used to enhance or modify enzymatic reactions.
- Examples: laundry detergents, biofuel production, and food processing.
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