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Biology Exam I Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which functional group is responsible for the characteristic sour taste of vinegar?

Hydroxyl group

Amino group

Carboxyl group (correct)

Phosphate group

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Saturated fatty acids are generally considered healthier for the heart than unsaturated fatty acids.

Unsaturated fatty acids contain a higher proportion of hydrogen atoms compared to saturated fatty acids. (correct)

Saturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are solid.

Saturated fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have only single bonds.

What type of bond is formed between two amino acids to create a polypeptide chain?

Ionic bond

Peptide bond (correct)

Hydrogen bond

Disulfide bond

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by interactions between the R-groups of amino acids?

Tertiary structure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biomolecules is NOT a component of a cell membrane?

Nucleic acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between atomic number and the number of protons in an atom?

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Ability to move independently in response to external stimuli (C) Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is testing the effectiveness of a new fertilizer on plant growth. They set up three groups of plants: Group A receives the new fertilizer, Group B receives a standard fertilizer, and Group C receives no fertilizer. What is the purpose of Group C in this experiment?

To provide a baseline for comparison with other groups. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Covalent bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water that contributes to its unique properties?

Strong cohesive forces due to ionic bonds (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam I Key Concepts

Living Organisms:
- Be able to analyze, explain, interpret and chart/graph data for experimental descriptions
- Be familiar with defining characteristics of living organisms.
- Understand and compare the 3 domains of living organisms: archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.
Scientific Method:
- Define and describe hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, and theory.
- Design an experiment given a hypothesis, including positive and negative controls and the rationale for their use.
Atoms and Elements:
- An atom is the smallest part of an element retaining its properties.
- The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
- The number of electrons equals the number of protons.
- Atomic number = number of protons
- Mass number = number of protons + neutrons
- Isotopes have same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
- The octet rule describes how atoms bond to achieve a full outer electron shell (8 electrons).
- Ionic bonds form from the attraction of oppositely charged ions.
- Covalent bonds form by sharing electrons, and can be polar or nonpolar.
Water:
- Understand the characteristics of water (specific heat, heat of vaporization, heat of fusion).
- Explain why ice floats.
- Describe how water molecules form hydrogen bonds.
Carbon and Functional Groups:
- Carbon's role and characteristics are essential to life.
- Understand different functional groups and their purposes.
- Recognize the structures of various functional groups.
Carbohydrates:
- Describe the functions of carbohydrates.
- Recognize and describe the general structure of glucose.
- Differentiate between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Lipids

Fatty Acids and Triglycerides:
- Recognize the structure of fatty acids and glycerol.
- Describe the formation of triglycerides.
- Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and their health effects.
- Describe the structure of trans and cis fats and their health effects.
Phospholipids and Cholesterol:
- Describe phospholipid structure.
- Describe the structure of a lipid bilayer.
- Describe cholesterol structure and its role.
- Understand the types of molecules formed from the steroid backbone.

Proteins

Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds:
- Describe several functions of proteins.
- Recognize amino acids.
- Understand the characteristics of R-groups
- Understand the differences between primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
- Describe the types of interactions in tertiary structure (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, disulfide bonds.)

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in biology, including the characteristics of living organisms, the scientific method, and the basics of atoms and elements. You'll analyze data from experiments and understand the comparison between the three domains of life. Prepare to design experiments and grasp atomic structures for a comprehensive understanding.