Biology Taxonomy and Scientific Method Quiz

<p>Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and contain complex organelles, such as a nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of a complex ecosystem with unique characteristics distinct from the individual species within it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If sunlight is essential for plant growth, then plants grown without sunlight will not grow as tall as those grown with sunlight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reject the hypothesis and formulate a new hypothesis based on the observations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incorporation of a gene enabling the metabolism of a novel, abundant food source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enhancing the prokaryote's ability to adhere to host tissues and evade the host's immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the availability of essential nutrients for plants and other organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores allow prokaryotes to persist through prolonged periods of environmental stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They evolve quickly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates the conservation of fundamental biochemical and developmental pathways across diverse life forms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the number of genes, giving opportunities for evolutionary change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular changes provide a more consistent and quantifiable measure of evolutionary divergence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of nucleotide differences against dates of evolutionary branch points known from the fossil record. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broad classifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gene is experiencing strong directional selection in at least one of the lineages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing the expression patterns of the duplicated genes in different tissues and developmental stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dolphins and bats share a more recent common ancestor than sharks and tuna. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggested that if Earth could change gradually over time, living organisms might also be capable of gradual change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection is the mechanism through which populations evolve adaptations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossilization occurs randomly and only in specific environmental conditions, so not all organisms are equally represented. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing evidence that homologous genes with closely matched sequences are inherited from a common ancestor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors, illustrating evolutionary history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection occurs independently of environmental conditions, while natural selection is contingent on the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic variation provides the raw material—different alleles—upon which natural selection can act. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large population size, no gene flow between populations, no mutations, random mating, and no natural selection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the fitness of hybrid offspring compared to parental species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population experiences intense gene flow throughout its range. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prezygotic barriers prevent the formation of a zygote, while postzygotic barriers operate after the formation of a hybrid zygote. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A plant species evolves polyploidy, preventing it from breeding with non-polyploid individuals in the same area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion of the two species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution involves long periods of stasis interrupted by short bursts of rapid change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent and intense volcanic activity and lightning strikes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive radiation is fueled by the availability of new resources and ecological niches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the earliest known fossils, formed by ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two populations of birds in the same area develop different mating songs, leading to reproductive isolation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The scientific study of life, focusing on its structure, function, growth, and evolution.

Life is characterized by cells, energy use, response to environment, and reproduction.

The naming of organisms using a two-part scientific name format, including genus and specific epithet.

The science of classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships and history.

Three classifications: Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotes), and Eukarya (eukaryotes including plants and animals).

A systematic approach for exploring natural phenomena using observation, hypothesis, testing, and drawing conclusions.

Novel properties that arise at each higher level of biological organization.

Proximity is a stronger predictor of relationships among organisms than environmental similarity.

Species arise from ancestors, gradually accumulating differences over generations.

The process where individuals with favorable traits reproduce more than those without them.

Remains or imprints of ancient organisms that provide evidence of past life.

Fossils that show links between different groups of organisms, indicating evolution.

Similar traits in different species due to shared ancestry, altered by evolution.

The total collection of genes in a population, affecting genetic variation.

Condition where allele frequencies remain constant in a population not evolving.

A change in DNA that creates new alleles, can be beneficial or harmful.

Biological features that prevent interbreeding between different species.

Factors preventing mating or fertilization among species.

Factors that take effect after hybrid zygotes are formed.

Speciation occurring when populations are geographically isolated.

New species arise within the same geographic area as their parent species.

The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Regions where different species meet and mate, producing hybrids.

Strengthening of reproductive barriers when hybrids are less fit.

Theory stating evolution occurs in rapid bursts followed by stability.

Fossils made by ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes binding sediment.

Blood-sucking insects that live in human hair and clothing, diverging into head lice and body lice.

The transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms like plasmid exchange, often seen in prokaryotes.

Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles, much smaller than eukaryotes, abundant in various environments.

A community of microorganisms living in and on the body, beneficial for health by aiding digestion and defending against pathogens.

Highly organized colonies of microorganisms attached to surfaces, coordinating activities and often found in health-related environments.

Ribosomal RNA used for broad classifications of organisms.

Fungi are genetically more similar to animals than plants.

Mitochondrial DNA used for narrow classifications, evolving quickly.

Genes that share common ancestry, like humans and mice.

The process that increases gene number and allows for evolution.

Calculating evolutionary time based on genetic changes.

Sharks and tuna split 420 million years ago.

Dolphins and bats diverged 60 million years ago.

The variation in DNA sequences used for mapping evolutionary branches.

Key moments in evolutionary history known from the fossil record.