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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
- Genetic information storage
- Cell membrane structure
- Catalyzing metabolic reactions
- Energy storage and supply (correct)
Which of the following describes the structure of a triglyceride?
Which of the following describes the structure of a triglyceride?
- One glycerol molecule and two fatty acids
- Three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid
- Two glycerol molecules and three fatty acids
- One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids (correct)
How do saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids?
How do saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids?
- Saturated fats have no double bonds, while unsaturated fats have at least one double bond. (correct)
- Saturated fats have at least one double bond, while unsaturated fats have none.
- Both types are identical in molecular structure.
- Saturated fats are always solid at room temperature, unsaturated fats are always liquid.
What characterizes a phospholipid in a cell membrane?
What characterizes a phospholipid in a cell membrane?
Which bond is primarily responsible for the structure of proteins in their secondary level?
Which bond is primarily responsible for the structure of proteins in their secondary level?
Which interactions are important in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?
Which interactions are important in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?
What is a key characteristic of trans-fats compared to cis-fats?
What is a key characteristic of trans-fats compared to cis-fats?
Which statement correctly describes the atomic mass of an element?
Which statement correctly describes the atomic mass of an element?
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with living organisms?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with living organisms?
In an experiment, what is the purpose of having a positive control?
In an experiment, what is the purpose of having a positive control?
What defines an isotope of a specific element?
What defines an isotope of a specific element?
Why does ice float on water?
Why does ice float on water?
Which of these is a key step in the scientific method?
Which of these is a key step in the scientific method?
Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
Flashcards
Domains of Living Organisms
Domains of Living Organisms
Three main classifications: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya.
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
A systematic process for experimentation and analysis.
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
A testable prediction made before an experiment.
Positive Control
Positive Control
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Negative Control
Negative Control
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Atom
Atom
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Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
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Isotope
Isotope
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Carbon's Role
Carbon's Role
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Functional Groups
Functional Groups
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Carbohydrate Functions
Carbohydrate Functions
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Glucose Structure
Glucose Structure
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Peptide Bond Formation
Peptide Bond Formation
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Protein Structures
Protein Structures
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Study Notes
Exam I Key Concepts
- Living Organisms:
- Understand characteristics of living organisms
- Compare and contrast the three domains (archaea, bacteria, eukarya)
- Scientific Method:
- Define hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, and theory
- Design an experiment with positive and negative controls, explaining their purpose
- Atoms and Elements:
- Define atom as the smallest part of an element retaining the element's characteristics
- Describe the nucleus (protons, neutrons) and electron numbers relative to protons
- Define atomic number and mass number
- Define isotopes (same protons, different neutrons)
- Understand the octet rule relating to bonding
- Chemical Bonding:
- Explain ionic bonds (attraction between positive and negative charges)
- Explain covalent bonds (sharing of electrons)
- Differentiate between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds
- Water Characteristics:
- Understand water's specific heat, heat of vaporization, and heat of fusion
- Explain why ice floats
- Describe how water molecules form hydrogen bonds
- Carbon:
- Understand the characteristics of carbon
- Understand the roles of functional groups
- Recognize common functional groups
- Carbohydrates:
- Define carbohydrates and their functions
- Recognize the structure of a glucose molecule
- Distinguish between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides
- Lipids:
- Recognize fatty acid structure and glycerol
- Explain formation of triglycerides
- Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and their health effects
- Describe trans- and cis-fats
- Understand phospholipid structure and lipid bilayers
- Describe cholesterol structure and steroid formation
- Understand the positive and negative impacts of steroids
- Proteins:
- Describe various protein functions
- Identify amino acids
- Explain peptide bond formation
- Describe the various protein structures (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
- Define interactions involved in protein tertiary structure (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, disulfide)
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