Biology Exam: Digestive System and Respiration
37 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

  • To break down carbohydrates into sugars
  • To absorb nutrients from digested food
  • To produce bile for fat emulsification (correct)
  • To secrete insulin for glucose regulation

Which enzyme specifically breaks down proteins in the stomach?

  • Lipase
  • Lactase
  • Pepsin (correct)
  • Amylase

What role do stomata play in photosynthesis?

  • They transport water from roots to leaves
  • They store glucose produced during photosynthesis
  • They release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide (correct)
  • They absorb sunlight for energy

What role do denitrifying bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

<p>They can use nitrates to respire and convert them back to nitrogen gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural process can create nitrates besides bacterial activity?

<p>Lightning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration?

<p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific process do plants use to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is artificial fertilizer produced on an industrial scale?

<p>Using the Haber process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of water vapor from plant leaves to the atmosphere?

<p>Transpiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mitochondria is primarily associated with the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration?

<p>Matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is primarily produced during anaerobic respiration?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form in which most water exists on Earth?

<p>Saltwater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon considered the backbone of biological macromolecules?

<p>It can form multiple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water vapor when it cools in the atmosphere?

<p>It condenses into liquid water, forming clouds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of percolation?

<p>Rainwater filters through the ground into deeper layers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aquifer?

<p>Deep groundwater reservoirs with ancient water stores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy from one trophic level is typically transferred to the next level in a food chain?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a heterotroph?

<p>An organism that consumes other organisms for energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the biggest loss of biomass in a food chain?

<p>Cellular respiration and heat lost to the atmosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of consumer directly kills other animals for food?

<p>Carnivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do producers play in a food chain?

<p>They are the first entry point for energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released back into the atmosphere during aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon Dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle?

<p>To break down nitrogen compounds into ammonium ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when nitrogen gas is converted into ammonium ions?

<p>Nitrogen Fixation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon during the combustion of fossil fuels?

<p>It is converted into carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of bacteria is responsible for converting nitrites into nitrates during nitrification?

<p>Nitrobacter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of nitrogen that cannot be used directly by plants or animals?

<p>Nitrogen gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which marine organisms utilize calcium carbonate for their shells?

<p>Molluscs and crustaceans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed during the ammonification process?

<p>Ammonium ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to precipitation that is not absorbed by the ground during heavy rainfall?

<p>It flows as surface runoff. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form is phosphorus primarily found in nature?

<p>Phosphate ions (PO4 3-). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do decomposers contribute to the phosphorus cycle?

<p>By releasing phosphates after breaking down organic matter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to excess phosphates entering water bodies?

<p>Sewage and uncontained animal waste. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does sedimentation play in the phosphorus cycle?

<p>It stores phosphates in sedimentary rocks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants acquire phosphates?

<p>Through soil absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of using artificial fertilizers containing phosphates?

<p>Increased phosphate runoff into waterways. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological process can bring sedimentary rock to the land surface?

<p>Uplift. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mouth's Role in Digestion

The mouth begins digestion by mechanically breaking down food with teeth and chemically breaking down carbohydrates with salivary amylase.

Stomach's Role in Digestion

The stomach churns food and mixes it with gastric juices containing pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

Small Intestine's Role in Digestion

Most digestion and absorption occur here. Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver aid in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light-Dependent Reactions

Occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating ATP and NADPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aerobic Respiration

A process that requires oxygen to convert glucose into ATP, with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of ATP and lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol (in plants).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fossil Fuel Formation

When dead organisms are buried and compressed over millions of years, they form fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas, which store carbon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fossil Fuel Combustion

Burning fossil fuels releases stored carbon as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ocean Carbon Sink

Oceans absorb a significant portion of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, acting as a carbon reservoir.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrogen Fixation

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable forms like ammonium ions by bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrification

The conversion of ammonium ions into nitrites and nitrates by nitrifying bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assimilation (Nitrogen Cycle)

The process where plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use them to build proteins and nucleic acids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ammonification

The breakdown of nitrogen-containing compounds (like animal waste and dead organisms) into ammonium ions by decomposers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Runoff

Water that flows over the ground's surface, not absorbed into the soil, often due to heavy rain or saturated soil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphorus Cycle

The movement of phosphorus through the environment, including its absorption by plants and animals, its decomposition, and its eventual storage in sedimentary rocks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limiting Nutrient

A nutrient that restricts the growth of organisms in an ecosystem due to its limited availability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphate Ions

The form of phosphorus that is readily absorbed by organisms, often found in rocks and fertilizers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weathering of Rocks

The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces, releasing nutrients like phosphates into the soil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Artificial Fertilizer

A manufactured product containing nutrients like phosphates, used to enhance plant growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sedimentation

The process where dead marine organisms sink to the bottom of oceans and lakes, forming layers of sediment over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geological Uplift

A process that pushes sedimentary rocks from the ocean floor back to the surface, releasing stored phosphates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evaporation

The process of water changing from liquid to vapor due to heat energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Condensation

The process of water vapor changing back into liquid water, forming clouds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Precipitation

Water falling back to Earth from the atmosphere in various forms, such as rain, snow, or hail.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Percolation

Water moving through the soil and rock layers, reaching groundwater reservoirs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

10% Rule

Only 10% of energy from food is transferred to the next trophic level. The rest is lost as heat, waste, and unused biomass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heterotroph

An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food through processes like photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Producers

The first trophic level in a food chain, producing energy through photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Digestive System

  • Describes the roles of mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, rectum, and anus in digestion.
  • Identifies digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase, pepsin, lactase, nuclease), their functions, and their locations within the digestive system.
  • Explains carbohydrate, cellulose/fiber, protein, and lipid digestion processes.
  • Discusses the importance of body position when taking medication and the role of proteases.
  • Includes data collection/analysis methods related to proteases.

Photosynthesis

  • Names and describes leaf structures and their functions.
  • Explains how stomata adapt to different environments.
  • Discusses how light is absorbed by plants.
  • Outlines lab activities related to photosynthesis, detailing procedures.
  • Includes the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis and the relationship between light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
  • Identifies chloroplast parts.

Cellular Respiration

  • Presents the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
  • Details aerobic and anaerobic respiration steps.
  • Describes how anaerobic respiration was measured in muscle fatigue lab experiments, and also identifies mitochondrial parts.
  • Relates cyanide's effect on respiration to the type and sugar concentration.

Biogeochemical Cycles - Carbon Cycle

  • Highlights carbon's crucial role in biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
  • Explains how carbon dioxide is a major component of the atmosphere.
  • Describes the role of photosynthesis in absorbing carbon dioxide.
  • Explains how animals and plants release carbon dioxide through respiration.
  • Describes the process of decomposition and the release of carbon dioxide.
  • Explains the formation of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) from carbon-containing materials.
  • Details how the combustion process releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
  • Explains the role of oceans in absorbing carbon dioxide.

Biogeochemical Cycles - Nitrogen Cycle

  • Explains the importance of nitrogen in proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).
  • Outlines the role of nitrogen in the atmosphere (78%).
  • Describes the process of nitrogen fixation by free-living and symbiotic bacteria.
  • Explains the conversion of nitrogen into ammonium ions (NH4+).
  • Describes nitrification, the transformation of ammonium into nitrites, then into nitrates (NO3−).
  • Describes how plants absorb nitrates.
  • Explains the role of denitrifying bacteria in converting nitrates back to nitrogen.
  • Discusses how human activities affect the nitrogen cycle (e.g., fertilizer production).

Biogeochemical Cycles - Water Cycle

  • Details the role of water in all living organisms and its importance in various biological processes (like cellular respiration, maintaining body temperature, etc.).
  • Describes how water is absorbed by plant roots.
  • Explains how plants transport water to their leaves, emphasizing the role of transpiration and stomata.
  • Describes how precipitation percolates into the ground and forms groundwater.
  • Differentiates surface runoff from ground absorption.
  • Explains how water cycles via the ground into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
  • Explains the process of evaporation and how clouds form.

Biogeochemical Cycles - Phosphorus Cycle

  • Highlights the importance of phosphorus in ecosystems.
  • Details how phosphorus is commonly found in sedimentary rocks and how weathering dissolves rocks, releasing phosphates into the soil.
  • Discusses the role of plants and animals in absorbing and transferring phosphates.
  • Explains that decomposers break down organic material, which recycles phosphates.
  • States that artificial fertilizers often contain phosphates.
  • Details how phosphate runoff can enter various water bodies.

Food Chains & Webs

  • Explains energy transfer between trophic levels.
  • Explains the 10% rule of energy transfer efficiency.
  • Defines heterotrophs, autotrophs, predators, prey, carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, producers, consumers, and decomposers.
  • Details the role of energy loss through cellular respiration, digestion and excrement in the 10% rule.

Root Words

  • Provides a list of root words used in the text. (e.g., chlor(o): light green, ase: enzyme, etc.)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Untitled Document PDF

Description

This quiz tests your knowledge on key biological processes including the functions of the liver, the role of enzymes in digestion, and the cycles of nutrients. Prepare to explore topics like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the nitrogen cycle. This is a must-take for students studying biological sciences at any level.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser