Biology Entrance Test Trakia University 2017-2018

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Questions and Answers

The following sequence ATTCGCTATCG could be found in:

DNA (correct)

RNA

Carbohydrate

Protein

In the formation of a macromolecule, what type of bond would join two amino acid subunits?

Peptide bond

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is known as?

Primary structure

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polymers of:

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the process by which DNA is copied to produce two daughter DNA molecules?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about DNA copied?

It requires amino acids Signup and view all the answers

If the DNA sequences 5' CTT CAG AAC 3' is transcribed, which of the following is considered of mRNA?

5' GAA CUG UUG 3' Signup and view all the answers

What role does messenger RNA play in the synthesis of proteins?

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of life is common to both cells and viruses?

Genetic material Signup and view all the answers

All living organisms maintain a balance with the environment through?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is specific for both pro- and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles could be described as a system of internal membranes within the cytoplasm?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles could be described as rod-shaped organelles bound by a double membrane, responsible for cellular respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelle is responsible for exocytosis?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

An infectious agent that appears to have no nucleic acid is a?

Prion Signup and view all the answers

After mitosis of a diploid cell is formed:

Two diploid daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

When the chromosomes are the most condensed, the phase is?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Genetic diversity is greatest in?

Sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization results in?

A zygote Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hermaphroditism is true?

Organisms have both male and female reproductive organs. Signup and view all the answers

If there are 20 chromatids in a dividing cell, how many chromosomes are there?

10 Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis is the nuclear membrane disappeared?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Normal human gametes are?

Haploid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about heterozygous genotype is true?

It has two different alleles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is found during female gamete formation from a primary germ line?

Oogenesis Signup and view all the answers

An X-linked dominant gene causes a disease in humans. What is the probability of giving birth to a sick boy by a woman whose father has the disease?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Autotrophic organisms obtain their nutrition by?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Parasitic organisms obtain their nutrition by?

Feeding on a host Signup and view all the answers

Charles Darwin discussed all of the following EXCEPT?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

Albumin is the most typical for:

Blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

The gas exchange within the lungs proceeds in:

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about smooth muscles is true?

They are found in the walls of hollow organs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Pepsin?

It works in alkaline conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles possesses the capability of automatic rhythmic contractions?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which is the main artery of the body that originates in the left ventricle of the heart?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macromolecules and Genetic Information

The sequence ATTCGCTATCG could be located in nucleic acids (DNA or RNA).
Peptide bonds are responsible for joining two amino acid subunits to form proteins.
The primary structure of a polypeptide is defined by the specific sequence of amino acids.
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are polysaccharides composed of glucose monomers.

DNA Processes

DNA replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Key fact: DNA is replicated using complementary base pairing.
Transcription of the DNA sequence 5' CTT CAG AAC 3' yields mRNA with the sequence 3' GAA GUC UUG 5'.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Cellular Structure and Function

Both cells and viruses exhibit the property of reproduction.
Organisms maintain homeostasis to balance their internal environment with external surroundings.
Ribosomes are organelles present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, crucial for protein synthesis.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a system of internal membranes within the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles responsible for cellular respiration and enclosed by a double membrane.
The Golgi apparatus is involved in exocytosis, packaging and transporting materials out of the cell.

Cell Division and Genetics

An infectious agent without nucleic acid, such as prions, can cause diseases.
After mitosis in a diploid cell, two diploid daughter cells are formed.
Chromosomes are most condensed during the metaphase phase of mitosis.
Genetic diversity tends to be highest in populations with sexual reproduction.
Fertilization produces a diploid zygote from the fusion of two gametes.
True hermaphroditism allows an organism to possess both male and female reproductive organs.

Chromosomes and Mitosis

In a cell with 20 chromatids, there are 10 chromosomes present.
The nuclear membrane disintegrates during prophase of mitosis.
Normal human gametes are haploid, containing 23 chromosomes.
Heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles for a trait and can exhibit a dominant phenotype.

Gamete Formation and Genetics

Female gamete formation involves unequal cytokinesis, leading to one functional ovum and polar bodies.
An X-linked dominant gene suggests a 50% probability of a woman having a sick son if her father is affected by the condition.

Nutritional Modes

Autotrophic organisms synthesize their own nutrients through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Parasitic organisms derive nutrients by feeding off a host, often harming it in the process.

Evolution and Physiology

Charles Darwin's theories encompass natural selection, evolution, and adaptation, but did not address genetics specifically.
Albumin is primarily a blood plasma protein crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure.
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion takes place.
Smooth muscle fibers are involuntary and lack striations, responding to autonomic control.
Pepsin, a digestive enzyme, requires an acidic environment in the stomach for optimal function.
Cardiac muscle exhibits automatic rhythmic contractions due to pacemaker cells.
The aorta is the main artery that originates from the left ventricle of the heart, distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body.

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Description

This quiz assesses knowledge in biology for the 2017-2018 academic year entrance test at Trakia University, Stara Zagora. It covers various biology topics, including DNA, proteins, and macromolecules.