Podcast
Questions and Answers
What role do ribosomes play in a cell?
What role do ribosomes play in a cell?
- They regulate cell metabolism
- They synthesize proteins (correct)
- They store genetic information
- They transport molecules across membranes
Which of the following components primarily make up the structure of a DNA molecule?
Which of the following components primarily make up the structure of a DNA molecule?
- Sugars and fatty acids
- Nucleotides and phosphate groups
- Amino acids and proteins
- Nucleotides and nitrogenous bases (correct)
What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
- To synthesize new DNA strands (correct)
- To remove RNA primers
- To unwind the DNA helix
- To repair damaged DNA
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Flashcards
What do ribosomes do?
What do ribosomes do?
Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They read the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into protein chains.
What are the key components of DNA?
What are the key components of DNA?
DNA is primarily composed of nucleotides and nitrogenous bases. Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
What does DNA polymerase do?
What does DNA polymerase do?
DNA polymerase is a crucial enzyme involved in DNA replication. It moves along a DNA strand, reading the existing bases and adding complementary nucleotides to create a new DNA strand.
How does mRNA function?
How does mRNA function?
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When does DNA replication happen?
When does DNA replication happen?
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Study Notes
Structure of DNA
- DNA is primarily composed of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
- The double helix structure of DNA is formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.
Role of Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).
- They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a polypeptide chain.
Cell Cycle and DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.
- This phase ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
Function of DNA Polymerase
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.
- It also plays a critical role in proofreading and correcting errors during DNA replication.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- It serves as a template for translating genetic information into functional proteins.
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