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Questions and Answers
What role do ribosomes play in a cell?
Which of the following components primarily make up the structure of a DNA molecule?
What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
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Study Notes
Structure of DNA
- DNA is primarily composed of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
- The double helix structure of DNA is formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.
Role of Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).
- They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a polypeptide chain.
Cell Cycle and DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.
- This phase ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
Function of DNA Polymerase
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.
- It also plays a critical role in proofreading and correcting errors during DNA replication.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- It serves as a template for translating genetic information into functional proteins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in molecular biology that are essential for entrance examinations. This quiz covers fundamental topics such as DNA structure, the role of ribosomes, DNA replication, and the function of RNA. Prepare effectively and boost your confidence for your exams!
