Biology Chapters 1 to 3

A scientific hypothesis is an educated guess or proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experimentation or observation.

A hypothesis must be testable, meaning it can be supported or refuted through experiments or observations.

A hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven wrong.

Scientific communication is essential because it allows scientists to share findings, improve upon existing research, and ensure accuracy and quality.

Living organisms must maintain a stable internal environment, despite changes in the external environment. This is essential for survival.

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

Living organisms obtain energy from their environment to fuel their life processes.

A theory is a well-supported explanation for a phenomenon based on a vast body of evidence.

An experimental design where two groups are compared. One group is exposed to the factor of interest, while the other remains unexposed. This allows for determining if the factor causes a change.

A type of study that observes and analyzes existing data without manipulating the variables. It suggests relationships but doesn't establish cause-and-effect.

A relationship between two or more variables where a change in one variable is associated with a change in another.

A relationship where one variable directly influences or causes a change in another variable.

A study designed to test a specific hypothesis and establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.

A research question that can be answered using the scientific method, typically through observation, experimentation, and data analysis.

A question that cannot be answered using the scientific method because it deals with values, beliefs, or subjective experiences.

A group of participants in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested. They serve as a baseline for comparison.

The factor that is changed or manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.

The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable.

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or manipulation being tested.

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experimentation or observation.

Personal or group biases can influence how scientists interpret evidence, leading to inaccurate conclusions.

The results of an experiment should be consistent across multiple trials to reduce the impact of random fluctuations.

A well-supported explanation for a phenomenon based on a vast body of evidence, which is constantly being refined through scientific inquiry.

Reviewers, often experts in a field, analyze research papers before they are published to ensure accuracy, soundness, and ethical conduct.

Facts are observations that are objectively verifiable and generally accepted as true.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction or explanation for a phenomenon. It's like an educated guess that needs to be investigated through experiments or observations.

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a phenomenon that is supported by a vast body of evidence. It's a comprehensive explanation that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed.

A scientific law is a statement that describes an observed pattern in nature. It's often expressed as a mathematical equation.

An experiment is a controlled investigation designed to test a hypothesis. It involves manipulating variables and recording data to see if the hypothesis is supported or rejected.

The human heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels in the body. This is a well-established and verifiable observation.

A preliminary diagnosis is a possible explanation for a patient's symptoms, based on initial observations and assessments.

The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of all its naturally occurring isotopes. It represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

The atomic mass of nitrogen (N) is approximately 14 atomic mass units (amu).

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic weight. This value is approximately the same as the atomic mass.

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond together. A compound is a molecule made up of at least two different types of atoms.

A compound must consist of two or more different elements. Atmospheric oxygen (O2) is only comprised of one element, so although it's a molecule, it's not a compound.

The building blocks of proteins, which are large molecules made from chains of amino acids.

A large molecule made up of many smaller sugar molecules linked together.

A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances. The reactants are the starting materials on the left side of a chemical equation.

Organic compounds must include carbon atoms. Methane (CH4) contains carbon atoms and is therefore considered an organic compound.

A molecule that stores and transmits genetic information.

The presence of organic compounds in the lunar samples signifies the presence of carbon atoms, a defining characteristic of organic molecules.

Large molecules built from repeating smaller subunits called monomers.

A type of lipid, consisting of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.

The building blocks of nucleic acids, which make up DNA and RNA.

A type of sugar that is a basic unit for many carbohydrates.

A type of carbohydrate made up of two linked sugar molecules.