Biology Chapter: Reproduction Techniques
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Questions and Answers

In which type of environments is being genetically identical often more advantageous?

  • Urban environments
  • Tropical forests
  • Harsh environments (correct)
  • Temperate climates

    • Asexual reproduction is exclusively found in the plant kingdom.

    False

    Name one mechanism of asexual reproduction found in animals.

    Budding, binary fission, sporogenesis, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis.

    Multicellular fungi grow as tiny branching filaments called ______.

    <p>hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to fungi with their descriptions:

    <p>Hyphae = Tiny branching filaments that make up the body of fungi Mycelium = The main body of the fungus Spores = Unicellular reproductive cells produced in large quantities Fragmentation = A method of asexual reproduction in fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of hermaphroditism?

    <p>Helpful in low population densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-fertilization in hermaphrodites leads to more genetic variation in offspring.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division is primarily associated with sexual reproduction?

    <p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In internal fertilization, eggs are fertilized in the ______.

    <p>female body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of reproduction with their characteristics:

    <p>Sexual = Two parents and unique offspring Asexual = One parent and identical offspring Internal fertilization = Fertilization occurs within the female body External fertilization = Fertilization occurs outside the female body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of hermaphroditism?

    <p>Requires large energy expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asexual reproduction relies on meiosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two disadvantages of sexual reproduction.

    <p>Low efficiency and requires a mate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crocodiles fertilize their eggs ______ and lay them in large yolky clutches.

    <p>internally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organisms is asexual reproduction commonly found?

    <p>Fungi and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the transfer of male gametes from anthers to the stigma?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-pollination provides more genetic variation compared to cross-pollination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids in the process of pollination?

    <p>Pollinators such as bees, wind, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pollen is composed of a _____ cell and a generative cell.

    <p>tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pollination with their descriptions:

    <p>Self-pollination = Occurs when pollen fertilizes the ova of the same plant Cross-pollination = Involves pollen from a different plant fertilizing ova Angiosperms = Flowering plants that often require pollination Gametes = Male and female reproductive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-pollination?

    <p>Requires pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In some species, the stamens and stigma ripen at the same time, promoting self-pollination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after pollen is deposited on the stigma?

    <p>The pollen tube begins to grow down the style toward the ovary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of asexual reproduction involves stems that grow horizontally above the ground to form new plants?

    <p>Runners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhizomes grow above ground and produce new plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of plant that reproduces through tubers.

    <p>Potato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suckers are modified roots that can produce _______ new plants.

    <p>sprouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each asexual reproduction method with its definition:

    <p>Cuttings = A method where pieces of a plant are placed in soil to grow new plants Runners = Stems that grow horizontally above ground to form new plants Rhizomes = Horizontal underground stems that produce new shoots Bulbs = Underground storage organs that can develop into new plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulbs are primarily used for food storage in asexual reproduction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a plant that uses rhizomes for reproduction?

    <p>Ginger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ grow new plants from their roots after a disturbance.

    <p>Suckers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of asexual reproduction method is characterized by producing new plants from food storage structures?

    <p>Tubers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about asexual reproduction?

    <p>It results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to either parent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of an organism that reproduces asexually.

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a type of sexual reproduction that does not involve fertilization.

    <p>Parthenogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reproduction process with its description:

    <p>Mitosis = Process producing two identical nuclei Budding = New organism develops from an outgrowth Fragmentation = Body fragment develops into offspring Fertilization = Sperm meets ovum to form a zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive method involves the breaking off of a body fragment?

    <p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fertilization is an asexual process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms primarily use sexual reproduction?

    <p>Complex organisms such as plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asexual reproduction generally requires _____ parent(s).

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reproduction can include processes like budding and mitosis?

    <p>Asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of asexual reproduction in yeasts?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are eukaryotic organisms without nuclei.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do most bacteria have that typically consists of a single circular chromosome?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During budding, a new organism forms as a __________ on the side of the parent cell.

    <p>bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves two haploid cells fusing?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In binary fission, the parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction involves the splitting of the nucleus and cytoplasm?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amoebas reproduce through __________ fission, duplicating their entire nucleus.

    <p>binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two processes involved in sexual reproduction among protists?

    <p>Meiosis and fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Budding = A new organism grows from the parent Binary fission = A cell divides into two identical daughter cells Meiosis = Cell division that leads to gamete formation Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes selective breeding?

    <p>Choosing parents with desired traits to produce offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations during DNA replication can lead to variations in daughter cells during binary fission.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of selective breeding for farmers?

    <p>Traits such as higher yield, better quality, and disease resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In organisms that reproduce asexually through __________, the parent cell remains the same after the offspring detach.

    <p>budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a haploid organism?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproduction

    • Reproduction is a process where one or more parent organisms produce offspring, crucial for species continuation.
    • All organisms eventually die, so reproduction is essential to maintain species.
    • Successful reproduction involves passing on favorable genes to offspring.
    • There exist various methods of reproduction, categorized as sexual or asexual.

    Asexual Reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction results in offspring identical to the parent (clones).
    • It does not involve gametes or fertilization.
    • No mixing of genetic information leads to minimal variation.
    • Only one parent is required.
    • Common methods include budding, binary fission.

    Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

    • Lack of variation makes the entire species vulnerable to environmental change.

    Sexual Reproduction

    • Involves two parent organisms, one male and one female.
    • Gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization.
    • Introduces genetic variation in offspring, making them not entirely identical to either parent.
    • Genetic information combines from both parents creating unique offspring.
    • A mechanism for the continuation of species.

    Sexual Reproduction Organisms

    • Some organisms exist as both male and female.
    • Often found in low-density populations or immobile species.

    Meiosis

    • It's a specialized cell division to reduce chromosome numbers.
    • Occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.
    • This process ensures each parent contributes only half their chromosomes to offspring.
    • This avoids doubling the chromosome number in each generation.
    • Results in genetic variation.

    Chromosome Number

    • Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes per cell; its constant across generations.
    • Example: Humans (46 chromosomes), camels (70 chromosomes), and tomatoes (24 chromosomes).

    Internal Fertilisation

    • Fertilization occurs inside the female's body.
    • Common in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
    • Fewer gametes are necessary.
    • Greater chance of successful fertilization.
    • Provides more protection for the developing embryo.

    External Fertilisation

    • Fertilization takes place outside the body, usually in water.
    • Common in aquatic invertebrates, fish, and amphibians.
    • Many gametes are released to increase the probability of fertilization.
    • Limited protection to developing embryo.

    Comparative Table

    • Summarizes key differences between sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of number of parent organisms, genetic variation, advantages, disadvantages, and examples.

    Definition

    • Explains the meaning of terms related to reproduction, fertilization, and related concepts.

    Examples of Organisms

    • Lists examples of species that follow both sexual or asexual reproduction.

    Environment Required

    • Details the suitable environment or condition required for successful fertilization, embryo development, or other processes in different organisms.

    Number of Gametes Released

    • Describes the amount of male and female gametes that are produced and released in either sexual or asexual reproduction.

    Chance of Fertilisation

    • Describes the likelihood of fertilization occurring in different reproduction strategies.

    Parental Investment

    • Discusses the level of care parents provide to their offspring in various reprodution methods.

    Survival Rate of Offspring

    • Explains the survival rate of offspring in different fertilisation methods.

    Energy Cost to Parents

    • Highlights the energy expenditure of parents in maintaining their offspring, in different reproduction strategies.

    Adaptation to Environment

    • Examines how organisms adapt to various environments for successful reproduction.

    Sexual Reproduction in Plants

    • Plants reproduce sexually through flowers that contain male (stamen) and female (carpel) reproductive parts.
    • Pollination is the transfer of pollen from stamen to carpel for fertilization.

    Asexual Reproduction in Plants

    • Plants can reproduce asexually through various vegetative methods, including runners, rhizomes, tubers, suckers, and plantlets.
    • These methods result in genetically identical offspring to the parent plant.

    Asexual Reproduction in Animals

    • Animals reproduce asexually through mechanisms like budding, binary fission, and fragmentation.

    Hormones

    • Hormones are crucial for regulating reproductive functions.
    • Pituitary gland is considered as the master gland.
    • Sex hormones regulate reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics.

    Key Hormones in Development

    • Important hormones in pregnancy, birth, and reproduction.

    Fetal Development

    • Explains the stages of prenatal development in the womb.

    Implantation

    • Process of the fertilised egg adhering to the uterine wall.
    • Important hormones are required for successful implantation.

    Pregnancy

    • Stages of pregnancy, and the hormones responsible.

    Birth

    • Hormones during birth that regulate contractions for the delivery of a baby.

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    Year 12 Biology Module 5 - Reproduction PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various methods of reproduction, including asexual and sexual techniques in plants, fungi, and animals. This quiz also explores concepts like hermaphroditism and the advantages and disadvantages of different reproductive strategies. Dive deep into the fascinating world of genetic identity and reproduction mechanisms.

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