Cells
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Questions and Answers

What does the cell membrane provide apart from protection?

  • Structure (correct)
  • Movement
  • Nutrition
  • Energy

What is the name of the outermost layer that forms a boundary around the outside of each bacterial cell?

  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Capsule
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm

What component makes plant cell walls sturdy?

  • Cellulose (correct)
  • Protein
  • Ligaments
  • Chitin

What type of cell walls do bacteria have?

<p>Peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance suspends all internal structures within the bacterial cells?

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells?

<p>They contain a single chromosome made of DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is not found in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ribosomes play in bacterial cells?

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

<p>To hold organelles and contain the cell's components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotes are more complex with membrane-bound organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Flaglellum in a cell?

<p>Facilitating movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about a bacterium lacking Flagellum?

<p>It would have difficulty moving. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

<p>Chloroplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for energy production in both animal and plant cells?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major structural difference between animal and plant cells?

<p>Existence of a cell wall in plant cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do large permanent vacuoles in plant cells primarily contain?

<p>Nutrients and waste products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cell membrane in both types of cells?

<p>Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tail on a sperm cell?

<p>To enable movement towards an egg cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the nucleus in a sperm cell?

<p>To provide genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?

<p>Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by smooth ER?

<p>Protein synthesis for export. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes primarily found when they synthesize proteins for export?

<p>On the surface of rough ER. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structure is primarily involved in modifying proteins received from the ER?

<p>Golgi apparatus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the endomembrane transport system?

<p>Cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins transition from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?

<p>They are packaged in vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomes play in the cell?

<p>Disposing of waste materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ribosomes

The small dots found inside bacterial cells, responsible for protein synthesis.

Cell Wall

The outermost layer of a bacterial cell that provides structural support and protection.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance that fills the interior of a bacterial cell.

Free-floating DNA

The genetic material of a bacterial cell, not enclosed within a nucleus.

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Flagellum

A tail-like structure that helps some bacteria move.

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Cell Membrane

The outer layer of a cell that provides structural support and protection. It acts as a barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

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Cell Wall (Plant)

A rigid layer outside the cell membrane of plant cells, made of cellulose. It provides structural support and helps maintain the plant's shape.

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Cell Wall (Bacteria)

A rigid layer outside the cell membrane of bacteria, made of peptidoglycan. It provides structural support and protection.

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Prokaryote

A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryote

A type of cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples include plant and animal cells.

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Nucleus

The control center of a eukaryotic cell, containing the cell's DNA.

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Chromosome (Prokaryotic)

A single, circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal membrane-bound organelles, its genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal membrane-bound organelles.

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What is a flagellum?

A tail-like structure found on some bacteria that enables movement.

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What can you infer about bacteria without flagella?

Bacteria lacking flagella are stationary. This means they can't move independently.

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What is the cell wall in a plant cell?

A rigid, outer layer that provides structural support and protection for plant cells.

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What is a vacuole in a plant cell?

A large, fluid-filled sac within plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

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What are chloroplasts in a plant cell?

The green, disc-shaped organelles in plant cells that capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis.

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What is the cell membrane?

The thin, flexible outer layer of both plant and animal cells that controls what enters and exits the cell.

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What is the nucleus of a cell?

A spherical structure within a cell that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A network of membranes within a cell that helps produce and transport proteins.

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What is the role of the ER?

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected membranes that are involved in the synthesis of cellular products and the transport of these products throughout the cell.

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Why is rough ER called 'rough'?

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it a rough appearance.

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Where do proteins made by rough ER go?

Proteins made by rough ER are destined to be exported out of the cell.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are joined together to form proteins.

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What is smooth ER and what are its functions?

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is connected to the ends of rough ER. It plays a role in lipid synthesis, calcium regulation, and detoxification.

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What makes up the endomembrane transport system?

The endomembrane transport system includes the nuclear membrane, ER, and cell membrane. These structures work together to transport materials throughout the cell and across the cell membrane.

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What are Golgi bodies and what do they do?

Golgi bodies are stacks of flattened sacs responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

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How do proteins move from the ER to the Golgi and from Golgi to the cell membrane?

Proteins move from the ER to the Golgi, then to the cell membrane via transport vesicles. Each vesicle contains a specific type of protein, and the vesicle membrane fuses with the target membrane to deliver its contents.

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Study Notes

Cell Theory

  • All living things are made of cells
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells

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