SY_Biology Chapter on Protein Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What role does messenger RNA (mRNA) play in protein synthesis?

  • It transports proteins to the cell membrane.
  • It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.
  • It directs the synthesis of a protein. (correct)
  • It aids in the assembly of ribosomes.
  • Which of the following correctly describes transcription?

  • The packaging of RNA into ribosomes.
  • The breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
  • The process of assembling amino acids into proteins.
  • The copying of DNA information to produce RNA. (correct)
  • What is the significance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

  • It transfers amino acids to the ribosome.
  • It combines with proteins to form ribosomes. (correct)
  • It determines the genetic traits of the cell.
  • It acts as a signal for cell division.
  • During translation, what happens to the information contained in RNA?

    <p>It is transformed into a corresponding sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of proteins in cells?

    <p>They determine the physical and chemical characteristics of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>To bind to amino acids and transport them to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle occurs between cytokinesis and the S phase?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

    <p>They provide signals for cell growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do meiosis and mitosis differ in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?

    <p>Mitosis produces two daughter cells, meiosis produces four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell is metabolically inactive and does not divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis during prophase?

    <p>Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs in meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the genetic composition of the daughter cells after mitosis?

    <p>They are diploid and genetically identical to each other and the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of transcription?

    <p>The binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the chromosome number in gametes?

    <p>Haploid (n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the cell prepare for division by synthesizing enzymes and proteins?

    <p>G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary mechanism of cell cycle control?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis in the human body?

    <p>To enable growth and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

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