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Questions and Answers
What are the two main functions of carbohydrates?
What are the two main functions of carbohydrates?
What process is responsible for forming polymers from monomers?
What process is responsible for forming polymers from monomers?
Which complex carbohydrate do animals use to store extra sugar?
Which complex carbohydrate do animals use to store extra sugar?
What complex carbohydrate is primarily involved in giving strength and rigidity to plants?
What complex carbohydrate is primarily involved in giving strength and rigidity to plants?
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Which type of carbohydrate is formed when sugars join together in long chains?
Which type of carbohydrate is formed when sugars join together in long chains?
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What role does glycogen play in the body when blood glucose levels are low?
What role does glycogen play in the body when blood glucose levels are low?
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Which macromolecules generally do not dissolve in water and are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms?
Which macromolecules generally do not dissolve in water and are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms?
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What is the primary source of energy for human muscles derived from carbohydrates?
What is the primary source of energy for human muscles derived from carbohydrates?
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What type of nutrient is primarily used as an energy source in living organisms?
What type of nutrient is primarily used as an energy source in living organisms?
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Which of the following compounds is classified as a disaccharide?
Which of the following compounds is classified as a disaccharide?
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How do scientists categorize macromolecules found in living organisms?
How do scientists categorize macromolecules found in living organisms?
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Which macromolecule functions primarily in energy storage in plants?
Which macromolecule functions primarily in energy storage in plants?
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What is the term used for single sugar molecules?
What is the term used for single sugar molecules?
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What is the relationship between the number of hydrogen atoms and carbon or oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
What is the relationship between the number of hydrogen atoms and carbon or oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
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Which macromolecule group is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen and includes fats and oils?
Which macromolecule group is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen and includes fats and oils?
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Which of the following is not considered a type of carbohydrate?
Which of the following is not considered a type of carbohydrate?
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What two functional groups are present in amino acids?
What two functional groups are present in amino acids?
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What role do some proteins play in cellular processes?
What role do some proteins play in cellular processes?
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What does the R-group in an amino acid structure represent?
What does the R-group in an amino acid structure represent?
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How are amino acids linked together to form proteins?
How are amino acids linked together to form proteins?
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Which property can differ among the side chains (R-groups) of amino acids?
Which property can differ among the side chains (R-groups) of amino acids?
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What is the significance of the twenty different amino acids found in nature?
What is the significance of the twenty different amino acids found in nature?
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Which of the following statements is true about proteins?
Which of the following statements is true about proteins?
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Which element is NOT typically found in proteins?
Which element is NOT typically found in proteins?
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What determines a protein's primary structure?
What determines a protein's primary structure?
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Which of the following describes the secondary structure of proteins?
Which of the following describes the secondary structure of proteins?
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What role do hydrogen bonds play in proteins?
What role do hydrogen bonds play in proteins?
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What is the fourth level of protein structure concerned with?
What is the fourth level of protein structure concerned with?
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What is one function of proteins in living organisms?
What is one function of proteins in living organisms?
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What component of hemoglobin binds oxygen?
What component of hemoglobin binds oxygen?
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What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?
What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?
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Which macromolecule groups do fats, oils, and waxes belong to?
Which macromolecule groups do fats, oils, and waxes belong to?
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
What are the components of a nucleotide?
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Which level of protein structure is represented by the three-dimensional arrangement of a protein chain?
Which level of protein structure is represented by the three-dimensional arrangement of a protein chain?
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Which statement about nucleic acids is correct?
Which statement about nucleic acids is correct?
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What role do lipids play in biological systems?
What role do lipids play in biological systems?
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Which of the following lipids is likely to be liquid at room temperature?
Which of the following lipids is likely to be liquid at room temperature?
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What is the primary function of ATP in biological systems?
What is the primary function of ATP in biological systems?
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Which sugar is found in ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
Which sugar is found in ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
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Which type of acid contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus?
Which type of acid contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus?
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Study Notes
Macromolecules
- Macromolecules are large molecules found in living cells
- They are made from smaller units called monomers
- Monomers join together to form polymers
- Polymers can be the same or different monomers
- Four major groups of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Living things use carbohydrates for energy
- Sugars are carbohydrates
- Glucose supplies energy for cell activities
- Simple sugars are also called monosaccharides
- Examples of simple sugars include glucose, galactose, and fructose
- Extra sugar is stored as starch in living things like plants
- Some carbohydrates provide structure (e.g., cellulose in plants)
- Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support
Lipids
- Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes
- Lipids are mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms
- Lipids do not dissolve in water
- Some store energy
- Some form biological membranes
- Some produce waterproof coverings
- Lipids are made of glycerol and fatty acids
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
- They are polymers made of nucleotides
- Nucleotides have three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information
- Examples are RNA and DNA
Proteins
- Proteins contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- They are polymers of amino acids
- Amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group bonded to a central carbon
- Peptide bonds link amino acids to form polypeptide chains
- Proteins have four levels of structure
- Proteins control processes, form parts of cells, transport substances, and fight disease
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Description
This quiz covers macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Learn about their structures, functions, and significance in living organisms. Test your knowledge on monomers and polymers along with examples of each group.
