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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between acclimation and acclimatization?
What is the difference between acclimation and acclimatization?
What is the SI unit for measuring work?
What is the SI unit for measuring work?
Which equation correctly represents the concept of power in metabolism?
Which equation correctly represents the concept of power in metabolism?
What does metabolic rate specifically measure?
What does metabolic rate specifically measure?
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Which statement accurately describes metabolic pathways?
Which statement accurately describes metabolic pathways?
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How is velocity defined in the context of energy and metabolism?
How is velocity defined in the context of energy and metabolism?
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What type of energy is indicated by the term 'high energy bonds'?
What type of energy is indicated by the term 'high energy bonds'?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between amylose and amylopectin?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between amylose and amylopectin?
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What is the primary function of glycogen metabolism?
What is the primary function of glycogen metabolism?
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Which equation correctly represents how force is calculated?
Which equation correctly represents how force is calculated?
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Study Notes
Complexity and Specialization
- Multicellularity allows for distinct cell types, tissues, and organ systems.
- Porifera (sponges) have few cell types, and tissues aren't well-organized.
- Humans (Homosapiens) have over 200 cell types and complex organ systems.
Phenotype Plasticity
- Phenotype is the result of both genotype and environment.
- Phenotype can change during development (ontogenetic changes).
- Examples include tadpole to frog transformation or acclimation to high altitudes.
- Acclimation is a short-term adaptation, while acclimatization is a longer-term, environmentally induced change.
Energy and Metabolism
- Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in Joules (J).
- Work is the transfer of energy due to a force on a moving object, measured in Joules (J).
- Metabolism is the sum of processes where cells acquire, rearrange, and dispose of energy-containing substances (nutrients) to sustain life.
- Metabolic rate is a measure of energy consumption expressed in watts (W) (equivalent to J/s).
- Some energy types are thermal, mechanical, electrical, and radiant.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are "hydrates of carbon" with many hydroxyl groups.
- Glucose is a common carbohydrate in animal diets.
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars (e.g., 3-7 carbons, 6 being the most common).
- Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides used for energy storage (e.g., glycogen, starch) or structure (e.g., cellulose).
- Glycogen is a major carbohydrate storage form in animals.
Glycogen Metabolism
- Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen.
- Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen.
- Regulatory enzymes control glycogen synthesis and breakdown.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in biology related to multicellularity, phenotype plasticity, and energy metabolism. Learn how different organisms exhibit complexity in their cell types and how their phenotypes can change based on environmental factors. Test your understanding of metabolism and its critical role in sustaining life.
