Biology Chapter on Cell Movement and Specialization
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of capillaries?

  • To transport blood around the body
  • To allow nutrient exchange (correct)
  • To store urine
  • To control body activities

    • The spinal cord is responsible for passing information from the brain to the body and vice versa.

    True

    What is the role of kidneys in the excretory system?

    To clean the blood of waste products.

    The _____ functions to regulate blood composition and excrete waste fluids.

    <p>excretory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body systems with their primary functions:

    <p>Digestive = Breaks down food and eliminates wastes Respiratory = Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide Circulatory = Circulates blood and transports materials Nervous = Controls body activities and senses changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion primarily driven by?

    <p>Kinetic energy of random motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A semi-permeable membrane allows all types of molecules to pass through without restriction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two main types of vascular tissue in plants are the _______ and _______.

    <p>xylem, phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following substances with their mode of crossing the cell membrane:

    <p>Oxygen = Crosses between phospholipids Sodium ions = Crosses through protein channels Water = Crosses between phospholipids Sugar = Crosses through protein channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water molecules during osmosis?

    <p>They move from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An impermeable membrane allows substances to pass through freely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a permeable membrane.

    <p>A membrane that allows everything to cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of xylem tissue in plants?

    <p>Conduct water and dissolved minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem cells are involved in the transport of water in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows water to move from the roots to the leaves of a plant?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are crescent-shaped cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

    <p>guard cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cells with their primary functions:

    <p>Muscle cells = Move parts of the body Skin cells = Protect the body from UV rays Nerve cells = Carry nerve signals Red blood cells = Transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of being multicellular?

    <p>Completely independent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red blood cells have a large surface area to efficiently pick up oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do stomata do in the process of transpiration?

    <p>Allow water to escape from the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva in the mouth?

    <p>Breaks down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus is responsible for the absorption of nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the liver in digestion?

    <p>Makes bile which breaks down fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the chamber where feces are stored before exiting the body.

    <p>rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Larynx = Creates sounds from moving air Trachea = Passage for air to lungs Alveoli = Where gas exchange occurs Diaphragm = Muscle that aids in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which the lungs perform gas exchange?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?

    <p>Red Blood Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High cholesterol does not contribute to circulatory disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of blood?

    <p>Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ are essential for muscle growth and repair of tissues.

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory disorders with their characteristics:

    <p>Bronchitis = Inflammation of the bronchial tubes Asthma = Airway constriction leading to breathing difficulty Emphysema = Damage to the air sacs in the lungs Lung Cancer = Malignancy in lung tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for moving parts of the body?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue serves to transport materials in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of the contractile vacuole in cells.

    <p>To store wastes and transport them outside of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ system is responsible for gas exchange in the body.

    <p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is part of the circulatory system?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants have more complex systems than animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of xylem in plants?

    <p>To transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudopods are used by amoeba to _____ their prey.

    <p>grab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues supports and connects different parts of the body?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Movement in Cells

    • Diffusion: Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration due to kinetic energy
    • Semi-permeable Membrane: Allows certain molecules to pass, rate depends on pressure, concentration, temperature and permeability of membrane
    • Osmosis: Water diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration, always moving towards higher solute concentration.
    • Cell Membrane: A semi-permeable membrane controlling what goes in and out of the cell.
      • Some substances pass freely (oxygen, water, carbon dioxide) between phospholipids
      • Others are allowed through proteins (channels) (sugars, charged ions)
      • Some substances cannot pass at all

    Cell Specialization and Organization

    • In multicellular organisms, different cells have specific jobs (specialized)
    • Muscle cells are shaped for movement
    • Skin cells protect from drying
    • Nerve cells transmit signals
    • Red blood cells carry oxygen

    Tissues and Organs

    • Tissues: Groups of similar cells
      • Connective (bone, blood)
      • Epithelial (skin)
      • Muscle (movement)
      • Nervous (signals)
      • Plant tissues (epidermal, xylem, phloem)
    • Organs: Distinct structures that perform specific functions
      • Examples: heart, kidneys, lungs (in humans), roots, stems, leaves (in plants)

    Plant Systems

    • Plants have fewer systems than animals:
      • Roots: anchor, absorb water/nutrients, store food
      • Shoot system: photosynthesis (sugar production), reproduction (reproduction by flowers, fruits, seeds sometimes)

    Human Body Systems

    • Digestive System: Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste
    • Respiratory System: Inhale oxygen, exhale carbon dioxide, gas exchange
    • Circulatory System: Transports food and oxygen throughout the body using heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
    • Nervous System: Coordinates and controls body actions, detects, processes, and responds to stimuli
    • Excretory System: Removes waste (urine) from the body

    Body Systems and Health

    • Blood: Transports substances, oxygen, wastes, nutrients; made of plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets.
    • A Healthy Lifestyle: Promotes healthy function of body systems
    • Diseases: Some diseases affect the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems (e.g., high blood pressure, heart attacks, lung cancer, bronchitis).

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    Description

    Explore the essential principles of cell movement, including diffusion, osmosis, and the role of the cell membrane. This quiz also covers the specialization of cells in multicellular organisms and their organization into tissues and organs. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological concepts!

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