Biology Chapter on Cell Movement and Specialization

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to random motion.

A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and exits.

A type of tissue found in plants that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

The part of the vascular tissue that transports water from roots to leaves.

The part of the vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.

A membrane that allows everything to cross.

A type of plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves.

A type of plant tissue that transports food (sugars) and other organic substances throughout the plant.

The process of water evaporating from the leaves of plants, creating a tension that draws water up from the roots through the xylem.

Tiny pores on the underside of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor during transpiration.

Specialized cells within the stomatal pores that control their opening and closing, regulating the release of water.

The upward flow of water within a plant, driven by transpiration.

A process where cells within a multicellular organism specialize and develop specific structures and functions to carry out particular tasks.

The ability of multicellular organisms to perform complex tasks and adapt to diverse environments due to the specialized functions of their cells.

The liquid portion of blood that carries nutrients, waste products, and blood cells.

Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

White blood cells are responsible for fighting infections and helping with blood clotting.

Platelets are cell fragments that help stop bleeding by forming clots.

High blood pressure and heart attacks are common disorders of the circulatory system.

The process of removing waste products from the body, maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes.

Tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between blood and the body's cells.

The main control center of the nervous system, responsible for thinking, feeling, and coordinating bodily functions.

The tube that connects the brain to the rest of the body, transmitting messages and instructions.

Specialized cells that transmit messages throughout the nervous system in the form of electrical impulses.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.

A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and helps move food down via rhythmic muscle contractions.

A large organ that produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats in the small intestine.

A sac-like organ that stores and releases bile into the small intestine.

An organ that produces enzymes to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, aiding digestion.

The main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

The final part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing water and forming solid waste.

Tiny structures within a cell that store waste before it is transported out.

A specialized compartment within a cell where large food particles are broken down.

Temporary extensions of the cytoplasm of an amoeba that help it move and capture prey.

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Connects and supports different parts of the body. Examples include bone, blood, and loose sheets between organs.

Protects the outside of the body, or covers internal structures such as intestines.

Allows for movement of parts of the body.

Carries signals between the brain and other parts of the body.

The system responsible for obtaining water and nutrients from the soil and anchoring the plant.

The system responsible for producing food through photosynthesis, carrying out reproduction, and supporting leaves and stems.