Biology Chapter on Cell Division and Reproduction

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What is a key reason for cells to divide?

To produce energy for cellular processes

To increase the amount of genetic material

To enhance genetic mutations

To replace dying cells (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

It requires significant energy expenditure.

It leads to high genetic diversity in offspring.

There is no genetic diversity in the organisms. (correct)

It can result in population control.

Which organisms are primarily associated with asexual reproduction?

Birds

Plants

Bacteria (correct)

Mammals

What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

Increased genetic variability in offspring Signup and view all the answers

What must occur before a cell can divide?

It must replicate all of its DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the time and resource consumption characteristic of sexual reproduction?

Challenges in finding a partner Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for holding the two sister chromatids together?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

What form does DNA take when a cell is not dividing?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of DNA within a cell?

To store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

Higher genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sex chromosomes in humans?

To determine the sex of an organism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes diploid cells?

They are classified as somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

What can karyotype analysis help determine about an individual?

The species and sex of the individual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autosomes?

They are sex chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

In a karyotype, which aspect is primarily analyzed to identify chromosomal genetic disorders?

The shape and size of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary event that occurs during Anaphase?

Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do spindle fibers first begin to form?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the events of Metaphase?

Chromosomes align in the center and are attached to spindle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase?

The spindle fibers disassemble and DNA returns to chromatin form. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does NOT occur during Prophase?

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

Dormant phase with no cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the checkpoints during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

To ensure that DNA replication is correctly completed and undamaged Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes become duplicated?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase immediately follows the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of meiosis compared to mitosis?

Meiosis results in haploid cells that are genetically different. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about mitosis is accurate?

Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome composition of diploid and haploid cells in humans?

Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes; haploid cells have one set of 23 chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about binary fission?

Binary fission is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide. Signup and view all the answers

In what context would you find haploid cells?

Haploid cells are found in gamete formation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer treatment focuses specifically on eliminating cancer cells using high doses of radiation?

Radiation Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common environmental factor that can increase the risk of developing cancer?

Radiation exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer treatment involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth?

Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy type aims to boost the body's immune response to fight cancer?

Immunotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy involves the use of the patient's own cells to replace damaged bone marrow or blood cells?

Stem cell therapy Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ between animal and plant cells?

Animal cells pinch the cytoplasm through a cleavage furrow, and plant cells use vesicles to form a cell plate. Signup and view all the answers

What role do cyclins play in the control of cell division?

Cyclins signal the cells when to divide by interacting with regulatory proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines apoptosis?

Programmed cell death that serves to eliminate damaged or unwanted cells. Signup and view all the answers

What might trigger the regulatory proteins to halt cell division?

Damaged DNA or irregularities in the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding cell division in eukaryotic cells?

The cell cycle can be regulated by proteins to turn division on and off. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis?

It creates genetic variation among daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the formation of tetrads during Meiosis I?

Tetrads are formed when homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a key distinction between meiosis and mitosis?

Meiosis produces cells that are haploid and genetically diverse. Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs during Prophase I that is not seen in mitosis?

Synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What role does interphase play before meiosis begins?

It allows for DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?

Malignant tumors spread rapidly to other tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to contribute to the development of cancer?

Regular physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates stem cells from somatic cells?

Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor responsible for the loss of regulatory control in cancer cells?

Defects in genes regulating growth and division. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stem cells is true?

Stem cells can be found in both embryos and adult tissues. Signup and view all the answers