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Questions and Answers
What term describes an individual with two identical alleles for a particular trait?
What term describes an individual with two identical alleles for a particular trait?
During which step of protein synthesis is mRNA synthesized?
During which step of protein synthesis is mRNA synthesized?
What type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype?
What type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype?
Which component forms the backbone of a DNA strand?
Which component forms the backbone of a DNA strand?
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What is the specific role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
What is the specific role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
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Study Notes
Alleles and Inheritance
- Alleles are different forms of a gene
- Dominant allele masks the recessive allele when both are present
- Homozygous: having two identical alleles for a gene
- Heterozygous: having two different alleles for a gene
- Genotype: the combination of alleles an individual has for a gene
- Phenotype: the observable characteristics resulting from the genotype
DNA Structure
- DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
- DNA is a double helix composed of two strands
- Each strand is a polymer of nucleotides
- Nucleotides consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- The four bases are Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T)
- Bases pair specifically: A with T, and C with G
Protein Synthesis
- DNA is too large to leave the nucleus
- mRNA (messenger RNA) copies genetic information from DNA
- mRNA carries the genetic code to ribosomes
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins based on mRNA's instructions
- Transcription: the process of creating mRNA from DNA
- Translation: the process of creating proteins from mRNA
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in genetics and molecular biology including alleles, inheritance patterns, DNA structure, and protein synthesis mechanisms. Test your understanding of genetic terminology, DNA components, and the process of transcription and translation. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge of heredity and molecular genetics.
