Genes and DNA: Structure, Replication, and Protein Synthesis

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the major function of DNA?

Energy production in cells

Protein digestion in the body

Cell membrane formation

Storage of genetic information (correct)

What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?

Deoxyribose, Nitrogenous base, Guanine (correct)

Phosphate group, Adenine, Cytosine

Sugar, Phospholipid, Uracil

Ribose, Amino acid, Thymine

Which term describes an organism without a well-organized nucleus?

Organelle

Eukaryote

Plasma membrane

Prokaryote (correct)

What structure is formed by two chains of nucleotides in DNA?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What analogy is used to describe genes in terms of their function?

Cookbook Signup and view all the answers

What do genes code for in the cell?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the genetic code?

To provide a mechanism for storing and transmitting hereditary information Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation can potentially lead to the production of a non-functional or altered protein?

Missense mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tRNA in the process of translation?

To assemble the amino acids in the correct order to form a polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a chromosomal mutation?

Deletion or duplication of an entire gene or set of genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cells can protect themselves from the harmful effects of mutations?

Proofreading and DNA repair mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between somatic and germline mutations?

Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells, while germline mutations occur in reproductive cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the complimentary bases in DNA and how do they pair up?

A pairs with T, G pairs with C Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, what is the role of the enzyme Helicase?

Unwinds the DNA double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Provides the genetic code for amino acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

What are introns and exons in the context of gene expression?

Introns are noncoding sequences, exons are coding sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of posttranscriptional processing in gene expression?

Modifies pre-mRNA into mature mRNA Signup and view all the answers

How do amino acids get coded for during protein synthesis according to the text?

Via triplets of RNA nucleotides corresponding to codons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hemoglobin?

Binding oxygen in red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

How many alleles are involved in the genotype for Sickle Cell Anemia?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a high frequency distribution of the sickle cell allele?

Proposed Malaria hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is balanced polymorphism in relation to the sickle cell allele?

Natural selection favoring heterozygous genotypes due to increased fitness Signup and view all the answers

How does biocultural evolution relate to sickle cell anemia?

Illustrates the evolutionary interaction between culture and environment in human evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate outcome of natural selection on the sickle cell allele?

Maintenance of both alleles due to heterozygote advantage Signup and view all the answers