Genes and DNA: Structure, Replication, and Protein Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the major function of DNA?

  • Energy production in cells
  • Protein digestion in the body
  • Cell membrane formation
  • Storage of genetic information (correct)

What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?

  • Deoxyribose, Nitrogenous base, Guanine (correct)
  • Phosphate group, Adenine, Cytosine
  • Sugar, Phospholipid, Uracil
  • Ribose, Amino acid, Thymine

Which term describes an organism without a well-organized nucleus?

  • Organelle
  • Eukaryote
  • Plasma membrane
  • Prokaryote (correct)

What structure is formed by two chains of nucleotides in DNA?

<p>Double helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analogy is used to describe genes in terms of their function?

<p>Cookbook (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do genes code for in the cell?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the genetic code?

<p>To provide a mechanism for storing and transmitting hereditary information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation can potentially lead to the production of a non-functional or altered protein?

<p>Missense mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tRNA in the process of translation?

<p>To assemble the amino acids in the correct order to form a polypeptide chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a chromosomal mutation?

<p>Deletion or duplication of an entire gene or set of genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cells can protect themselves from the harmful effects of mutations?

<p>Proofreading and DNA repair mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between somatic and germline mutations?

<p>Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells, while germline mutations occur in reproductive cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the complimentary bases in DNA and how do they pair up?

<p>A pairs with T, G pairs with C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, what is the role of the enzyme Helicase?

<p>Unwinds the DNA double helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>Provides the genetic code for amino acid sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are introns and exons in the context of gene expression?

<p>Introns are noncoding sequences, exons are coding sequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of posttranscriptional processing in gene expression?

<p>Modifies pre-mRNA into mature mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do amino acids get coded for during protein synthesis according to the text?

<p>Via triplets of RNA nucleotides corresponding to codons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hemoglobin?

<p>Binding oxygen in red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many alleles are involved in the genotype for Sickle Cell Anemia?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a high frequency distribution of the sickle cell allele?

<p>Proposed Malaria hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is balanced polymorphism in relation to the sickle cell allele?

<p>Natural selection favoring heterozygous genotypes due to increased fitness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does biocultural evolution relate to sickle cell anemia?

<p>Illustrates the evolutionary interaction between culture and environment in human evolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate outcome of natural selection on the sickle cell allele?

<p>Maintenance of both alleles due to heterozygote advantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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