Biology Chapter: DNA and Protein Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the number of sugar molecules in DNA section containing 3 base pairs?

Six

What is the carbohydrate subunit of a polysaccharide polymer?

Sugar

What is the name of sugar found in DNA but not in RNA?

Deoxyribose

What is the base triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid?

Codon Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is found in all DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural subunit (building block) of DNA and RNA?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

If tyrosine's anticodon is AUA, what is the DNA base triplet for its codon?

ATA Signup and view all the answers

What is formed during dehydration synthesis or condensation polymerization?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the synthesis of mRNA strand from a DNA strand inside the nucleus called?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

If the anticodon for lysine is UUU, what is its codon?

AAA Signup and view all the answers

What pyrimidine base is found in both DNA and RNA?

Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different bases found in RNA?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the organelle site within a cell where protein synthesis occurs?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the base triplet on tRNA that recognizes the complementary base triplet on mRNA?

Anticodon Signup and view all the answers

What purine base always pairs up with cytosine?

Guanine Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyrimidine base found in DNA but not RNA?

Thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of purine bases in a DNA molecule with nine base pairs?

Nine Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different amino acids coded by DNA in human protein?

Twenty Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different bases found in DNA and RNA?

Five Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for large bases containing two carbon-nitrogen rings?

Purine Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid subunit of a protein polymer?

Amino Signup and view all the answers

Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and tRNA are _________ to each other.

Identical Signup and view all the answers

Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and mRNA are _________ to each other.

Complementary Signup and view all the answers

How many bases in the mRNA code specify one amino acid molecule?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of the mRNA strand into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome called?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the chain of many amino acids linked together called?

Polypeptide Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of phosphates in a DNA molecule with five base pairs?

Ten Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for small bases containing one carbon-nitrogen ring?

Pyrimidine Signup and view all the answers

If the codon for methionine is AUG, what is its anticodon?

TAC Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyrimidine base found in RNA but not DNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of pyrimidines in a DNA molecule with eight base pairs?

Eight Signup and view all the answers

What is the precise site of rRNA synthesis in the cell?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is an altered DNA sequence in a gene resulting in a misspelled mRNA?

Mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different arrangements in a DNA molecule with two base pairs?

Sixteen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purine base that pairs up with thymine and uracil?

Adenine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of sugar found in RNA but not DNA?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the section of DNA that forms a particular strand of mRNA?

Gene Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sugar Molecules and Nucleotides

DNA section with 3 base pairs contains six sugar molecules.
Deoxyribose is the sugar unique to DNA, while ribose is found only in RNA.
Each nucleotide, the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis

Codons are triplets of bases in mRNA that specify amino acids; the anticodon is the tRNA counterpart.
Each amino acid is coded by a specific codon, with three bases determining one amino acid.
Proteins are synthesized at ribosomes through translation, converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Base Pairing and Structure

DNA contains four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T); RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine.
Purines (adenine and guanine) have two carbon-nitrogen rings, while pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil) have one.
The pairing rules are A-T (or A-U in RNA) and G-C, demonstrating complementary relationships.

Nucleic Acids and Their Properties

RNA consists of four bases; DNA has five due to the presence of thymine.
The number of different amino acids coded by human DNA is twenty.
In any given DNA molecule, the number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines.

Mutations and Gene Expression

Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence affecting mRNA transcriptions.
Genes are sections of DNA that direct the synthesis of mRNA strands for specific proteins.
The nucleolus is where rRNA synthesis occurs, crucial for ribosomal function in protein assembly.

Analytical Aspects of DNA Structure

The total number of arrangements for a DNA molecule with two base pairs is sixteen.
In a DNA molecule with eight base pairs, there are eight pyrimidines, and with five base pairs, there are ten phosphates.
Understanding the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA is essential for studying genetic coding and expression.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to DNA structure, nucleotides, and the process of protein synthesis. You'll explore the roles of different sugar molecules, base pairing rules, and the significance of codons in determining amino acids. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in molecular biology.