Biology Chapter: DNA and Protein Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the number of sugar molecules in DNA section containing 3 base pairs?

Six

What is the carbohydrate subunit of a polysaccharide polymer?

Sugar

What is the name of sugar found in DNA but not in RNA?

Deoxyribose

What is the base triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid?

<p>Codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is found in all DNA and RNA nucleotides?

<p>Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural subunit (building block) of DNA and RNA?

<p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

If tyrosine's anticodon is AUA, what is the DNA base triplet for its codon?

<p>ATA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed during dehydration synthesis or condensation polymerization?

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the synthesis of mRNA strand from a DNA strand inside the nucleus called?

<p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the anticodon for lysine is UUU, what is its codon?

<p>AAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pyrimidine base is found in both DNA and RNA?

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different bases found in RNA?

<p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organelle site within a cell where protein synthesis occurs?

<p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the base triplet on tRNA that recognizes the complementary base triplet on mRNA?

<p>Anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purine base always pairs up with cytosine?

<p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyrimidine base found in DNA but not RNA?

<p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of purine bases in a DNA molecule with nine base pairs?

<p>Nine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different amino acids coded by DNA in human protein?

<p>Twenty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different bases found in DNA and RNA?

<p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for large bases containing two carbon-nitrogen rings?

<p>Purine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid subunit of a protein polymer?

<p>Amino</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and tRNA are _________ to each other.

<p>Identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and mRNA are _________ to each other.

<p>Complementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bases in the mRNA code specify one amino acid molecule?

<p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of the mRNA strand into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome called?

<p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chain of many amino acids linked together called?

<p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of phosphates in a DNA molecule with five base pairs?

<p>Ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for small bases containing one carbon-nitrogen ring?

<p>Pyrimidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the codon for methionine is AUG, what is its anticodon?

<p>TAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyrimidine base found in RNA but not DNA?

<p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of pyrimidines in a DNA molecule with eight base pairs?

<p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precise site of rRNA synthesis in the cell?

<p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an altered DNA sequence in a gene resulting in a misspelled mRNA?

<p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of different arrangements in a DNA molecule with two base pairs?

<p>Sixteen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purine base that pairs up with thymine and uracil?

<p>Adenine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of sugar found in RNA but not DNA?

<p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the section of DNA that forms a particular strand of mRNA?

<p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Number of sugar molecules in 3 base pairs of DNA

Six sugar molecules are present in a DNA section containing three base pairs.

Carbohydrate subunit of polysaccharide

A sugar molecule.

Sugar in DNA, not RNA

Deoxyribose.

mRNA base triplet specifying amino acid

Codon.

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Molecule present in all DNA and RNA nucleotides

Phosphate.

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Structural subunit of DNA and RNA

Nucleotide.

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DNA base triplet for tyrosine's codon (given anticodon)

ATA.

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Product of dehydration synthesis/condensation polymerization

Water.

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mRNA synthesis from DNA

Transcription.

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Codon for lysine (given anticodon)

AAA.

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Pyrimidine in DNA and RNA

Cytosine.

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Number of different RNA bases

Four.

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Organelle of protein synthesis

Ribosome.

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tRNA base triplet recognizing mRNA

Anticodon.

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Purine base pairing with cytosine

Guanine.

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Pyrimidine in DNA, not RNA

Thymine.

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Purine bases in 9 base pairs DNA

Nine purine bases

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Amino acids coded by DNA

Twenty

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Total DNA and RNA bases

Five

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Bases with two carbon-nitrogen rings

Purines

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Protein polymer subunit

Amino acid

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DNA and tRNA relationship (A, G, C)

Identical (ignoring T/U).

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DNA and mRNA relationship (A, G, C)

Complementary.

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Bases specifying one amino acid

Three

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mRNA to amino acid conversion

Translation

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Chain of amino acids

Polypeptide

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Phosphates in 5 base pair DNA

10 phosphates

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Bases with one carbon-nitrogen ring

Pyrimidine

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Anticodon for methionine

UAC

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Pyrimidine in RNA, not DNA

Uracil

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Pyrimidines in 8 base pair DNA

8

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rRNA synthesis site

Nucleolus

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Altered DNA sequence in a gene

Mutation

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Arrangements in 2 base pair DNA

16

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Purine pairing with T and U

Adenine

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Sugar in RNA, not DNA

Ribose

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DNA section forming mRNA

Gene

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Study Notes

Sugar Molecules and Nucleotides

  • DNA section with 3 base pairs contains six sugar molecules.
  • Deoxyribose is the sugar unique to DNA, while ribose is found only in RNA.
  • Each nucleotide, the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis

  • Codons are triplets of bases in mRNA that specify amino acids; the anticodon is the tRNA counterpart.
  • Each amino acid is coded by a specific codon, with three bases determining one amino acid.
  • Proteins are synthesized at ribosomes through translation, converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Base Pairing and Structure

  • DNA contains four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T); RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine.
  • Purines (adenine and guanine) have two carbon-nitrogen rings, while pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil) have one.
  • The pairing rules are A-T (or A-U in RNA) and G-C, demonstrating complementary relationships.

Nucleic Acids and Their Properties

  • RNA consists of four bases; DNA has five due to the presence of thymine.
  • The number of different amino acids coded by human DNA is twenty.
  • In any given DNA molecule, the number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines.

Mutations and Gene Expression

  • Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence affecting mRNA transcriptions.
  • Genes are sections of DNA that direct the synthesis of mRNA strands for specific proteins.
  • The nucleolus is where rRNA synthesis occurs, crucial for ribosomal function in protein assembly.

Analytical Aspects of DNA Structure

  • The total number of arrangements for a DNA molecule with two base pairs is sixteen.
  • In a DNA molecule with eight base pairs, there are eight pyrimidines, and with five base pairs, there are ten phosphates.
  • Understanding the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA is essential for studying genetic coding and expression.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to DNA structure, nucleotides, and the process of protein synthesis. You'll explore the roles of different sugar molecules, base pairing rules, and the significance of codons in determining amino acids. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in molecular biology.

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