Questions and Answers
What is the number of sugar molecules in DNA section containing 3 base pairs?
Six
What is the carbohydrate subunit of a polysaccharide polymer?
Sugar
What is the name of sugar found in DNA but not in RNA?
Deoxyribose
What is the base triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid?
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What molecule is found in all DNA and RNA nucleotides?
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What is the structural subunit (building block) of DNA and RNA?
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If tyrosine's anticodon is AUA, what is the DNA base triplet for its codon?
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What is formed during dehydration synthesis or condensation polymerization?
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What is the synthesis of mRNA strand from a DNA strand inside the nucleus called?
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If the anticodon for lysine is UUU, what is its codon?
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What pyrimidine base is found in both DNA and RNA?
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What is the total number of different bases found in RNA?
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What is the organelle site within a cell where protein synthesis occurs?
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What is the base triplet on tRNA that recognizes the complementary base triplet on mRNA?
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What purine base always pairs up with cytosine?
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What is the pyrimidine base found in DNA but not RNA?
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What is the number of purine bases in a DNA molecule with nine base pairs?
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What is the total number of different amino acids coded by DNA in human protein?
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What is the total number of different bases found in DNA and RNA?
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What is the name for large bases containing two carbon-nitrogen rings?
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What is the acid subunit of a protein polymer?
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Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and tRNA are _________ to each other.
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Considering the bases A, G, and C, DNA and mRNA are _________ to each other.
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How many bases in the mRNA code specify one amino acid molecule?
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What is the conversion of the mRNA strand into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome called?
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What is the chain of many amino acids linked together called?
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What is the number of phosphates in a DNA molecule with five base pairs?
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What is the name for small bases containing one carbon-nitrogen ring?
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If the codon for methionine is AUG, what is its anticodon?
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What is the pyrimidine base found in RNA but not DNA?
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What is the number of pyrimidines in a DNA molecule with eight base pairs?
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What is the precise site of rRNA synthesis in the cell?
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What is an altered DNA sequence in a gene resulting in a misspelled mRNA?
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What is the total number of different arrangements in a DNA molecule with two base pairs?
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What is the purine base that pairs up with thymine and uracil?
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What is the name of sugar found in RNA but not DNA?
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What is the section of DNA that forms a particular strand of mRNA?
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Study Notes
Sugar Molecules and Nucleotides
- DNA section with 3 base pairs contains six sugar molecules.
- Deoxyribose is the sugar unique to DNA, while ribose is found only in RNA.
- Each nucleotide, the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.
Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
- Codons are triplets of bases in mRNA that specify amino acids; the anticodon is the tRNA counterpart.
- Each amino acid is coded by a specific codon, with three bases determining one amino acid.
- Proteins are synthesized at ribosomes through translation, converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
Base Pairing and Structure
- DNA contains four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T); RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine.
- Purines (adenine and guanine) have two carbon-nitrogen rings, while pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil) have one.
- The pairing rules are A-T (or A-U in RNA) and G-C, demonstrating complementary relationships.
Nucleic Acids and Their Properties
- RNA consists of four bases; DNA has five due to the presence of thymine.
- The number of different amino acids coded by human DNA is twenty.
- In any given DNA molecule, the number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines.
Mutations and Gene Expression
- Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence affecting mRNA transcriptions.
- Genes are sections of DNA that direct the synthesis of mRNA strands for specific proteins.
- The nucleolus is where rRNA synthesis occurs, crucial for ribosomal function in protein assembly.
Analytical Aspects of DNA Structure
- The total number of arrangements for a DNA molecule with two base pairs is sixteen.
- In a DNA molecule with eight base pairs, there are eight pyrimidines, and with five base pairs, there are ten phosphates.
- Understanding the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA is essential for studying genetic coding and expression.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to DNA structure, nucleotides, and the process of protein synthesis. You'll explore the roles of different sugar molecules, base pairing rules, and the significance of codons in determining amino acids. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in molecular biology.
