Biology Chapter: Cell Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used in the 'ABCD's' of moles?

  • Diameter
  • Asymmetry
  • Border
  • Composition (correct)

    • Adult stem cells can differentiate into any type of specialized cell.

    False (B)

    Give one example of how the structure of a nerve cell is related to its function.

    Nerve cells are long, thin, and branching to reach other neurons and tissues and send electrical signals.

    A tightly packed sheet of cells that protects against dehydration and provides a protective barrier to what lies beneath is known as an ______ cell.

    <p>epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell types with their primary function:

    <p>Red blood cell = Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide Nerve cell = Transmits electrical impulses Epithelial cell = Provides protection and prevents dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules?

    <p>Digestive system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The musculoskeletal system is responsible for releasing carbon dioxide into alveoli.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circulatory system delivers nutrients to which area of the body?

    <p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory system releases ______ into the alveoli to be expelled.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the body system with its primary function:

    <p>Musculoskeletal = Complex Movement Circulatory = Delivering nutrients to tissues Respiratory = Releases carbon dioxide Digestive = Break down food into smaller molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts, cell wall, large central vacuole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell structures with their respective functions:

    <p>Cytoplasm = Gel-like fluid for organelle suspension and chemical reactions Cell wall = Support and protection Nucleus = Control of cell activities Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells, both plant and animal, have a cell wall.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three reasons why cells divide.

    <p>Reproduction, repair, and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The semi-permeable double layered membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell is the ______.

    <p>cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options correctly defines the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Processes materials through the cell to be removed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process that helps to balance pressure in plant cells through fluid-filled organelles is called ______.

    <p>turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does diffusion occur within the cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epithelial tissue that lines the trachea and bronchi?

    <p>To secrete mucous that traps invading particles and to warm and moisten incoming air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three main components of the circulatory system.

    <p>blood, heart, and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tendons connect ___ to ___ . When muscles ____ they pull the bone.

    <p>muscle, bone, contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets, which are small pieces of cells, are primarily responsible for destroying invading bacteria and viruses.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the central nervous system?

    <p>Neurons that connect the rest of the body to the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood components with their primary functions:

    <p>Red Blood Cells = Binds oxygen and carbon dioxide White Blood Cells = Destroys invading bacteria and viruses Platelets = Important in clotting Plasma = Carries blood cells and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is characterized by a matrix of fibers and liquid?

    <p>Connective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the primary function of the circulatory system.

    <p>Circulates oxygen and nutrients to tissue and removes waste and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscles can only...

    <p>pull (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue is characterized by long cells bundled together, containing many mitochondria.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>Smooth muscle contractions that push food through the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The small intestine is located after the ______ during digestion.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organ with its corresponding letter from the digestive system diagram:

    <p>Mouth = A Esophagus = B Stomach = C Small Intestine = D Large Intestine = E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

    <p>Contract and relax to allow for movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red blood cells take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the alveoli.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the trachea play in respiration?

    <p>The trachea transports air from the mouth to the bronchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis involves the division of cytoplasm, while cytokinesis involves the division of genetic material.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main processes that occur during interphase?

    <p>Growth and DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During anaphase, spindle fibers contract pulling sister chromatids to ______ poles.

    <p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each phase of mitosis with its description:

    <p>Prophase = Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles Telophase = Nuclear membrane begins to form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cytokinesis different in animal and plant cells?

    <p>Animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a cell plate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cancer?

    <p>Cell plate formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spindle fibers during metaphase?

    <p>To move the chromosomes to the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Plant cells have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole, distinguishing them from animal cells.
    • Cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid that suspends organelles.
    • Cell walls are porous and rigid, composed of cellulose. They provide support and protection.
    • Cell membranes are semi-permeable, double layered membranes, controlling cell activities.
    • Nuclei contain genetic material.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum are branching tubes and pockets that process materials in the cell.
    • Golgi bodies process materials for removal.
    • Vacuoles are fluid-filled organelles, with large ones in plants for maintaining turgor pressure and digesting unwanted materials.
    • Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and carry out photosynthesis.

    Cell Division

    • Three reasons cells divide are reproduction, growth, and repair.
    • Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
    • Diffusion is the movement of a solute across a membrane from an area of high to low solute concentration.
    • Mitosis is the division of genetic material, while cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm (animals) or the development of a cell plate (plants).
    • Interphase is the growth and replication of DNA before cell division.
    • Mitosis phases:
      • Prophase: Chromatin condenses to chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, centrioles move to opposite poles.
      • Metaphase: Spindle fibers move chromosomes to the equator.
      • Anaphase: Spindle fibers contract, pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles.
      • Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms, spindle fibers disappear, cell membrane begins to pinch (animals) or cell plate forms (plants).

    Cancer and Moles

    • Random mutations, oncogenes, and carcinogens (e.g., cigarette smoke) are factors in cancer development.
    • The ABCD's of moles: Asymmetry, Border, Colour Changes, Diameter.

    Cell Specialization

    • Cell structure relates to function.
      • Red blood cells are smooth for easy passage, contain hemoglobin for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.
      • Nerve cells are long and branched for communication.
      • Epithelial cells are tightly packed for protection.
    • The hierarchy of structures is: cardiac muscle cell, cardiac tissue, heart, circulatory system, human.

    Stem Cells

    • Differentiate between embryonic (differentiate into any specialized cell) and adult/tissue stem cells (limited differentiation).

    Tissues

    • Four tissue types:
      • Connective tissue: Matrix of fibres, connects structures, protects and supports.
      • Nervous tissue: Long, thin branching cells, send and receive electrical impulses.
      • Muscle tissue: Long cells bundled together, contract to move.
      • Epithelial tissue: Tightly packed, thin protective sheets, low-friction surfaces.

    Digestive System

    • Peristalsis: Smooth muscle contractions that push food through.
    • Digestion: Breaking food into smaller molecules.

    Respiratory System

    • Respiration: Taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
    • Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

    Circulatory System

    • Three parts: Blood, heart, and vessels.
    • Function: Circulates oxygen, nutrients, and removes waste.
    • Interaction: Works with other systems including digestive (receiving nutrients) and respiratory (gas exchange).

    Other

    • Different types of cells- red blood, white blood, platelets, plasma

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of cell biology with this quiz on cell structure and function. Delve into the unique characteristics of plant and animal cells, the role of organelles, and the processes of osmosis and diffusion. Perfect for students of all levels looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.

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