Biology Chapter 3 Cell Parts Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the function of a ribosome?

Synthesis of proteins (correct)

Storage of DNA

Energy production

Cell division

What occupies the space between the cell membrane and nucleus?

cytoplasm

The nuclear envelope separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm.

True

What do microfilaments help the cell to do?

shorten Signup and view all the answers

What is the centrosome?

nonmembranous structure that contains the centrioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Energy production Signup and view all the answers

What do lysosomes contain?

digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Cilia are motile processes that are numerous and short, associated with some cells or move ______ across the membrane.

fluids Signup and view all the answers

What are microtubules primarily composed of?

slender tubes Signup and view all the answers

What do microvilli do?

increase external area Signup and view all the answers

What is nucleoplasm?

protoplasm of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What do peroxisomes contain?

enzymes that decompose hydrogen peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin composed of?

loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleolus synthesize?

ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle/vacuole?

membranous sac formed by pinching off pieces of cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

package secretion Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell membrane do?

provides structure and regulates what enters and leaves the cell Signup and view all the answers

What are inclusions?

cellular products, such as a pigment melanin in skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum comprised of?

membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum?

it is continuous with the nuclear membrane and has ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the nucleus?

spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What do centrioles do?

direct chromosomes in mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytoskeleton?

network of protein filaments and tubules Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Components and Functions

Ribosome: Small RNA-containing particles crucial for protein synthesis, utilize genetic information from DNA in the nucleus.
Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance filling the area between the cell membrane and nucleus, where organelles are located.
Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane structure that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm, controlling material exchange.
Microfilaments: Composed of tiny rods, they create meshworks or bundles that assist in cell contraction and movement.
Centrosome: Nonmembranous organelle that contains centrioles, pivotal for cell division.

Energy and Recycling

Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouses of the cell, they convert food molecules into energy, break down fatty acids, and recycle cellular components.
Lysosomes: Membranous sacs filled with digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Peroxisomes: Enzymatic organelles that catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, aiding in detoxification.

Cellular Structures and Motility

Cilia: Short, motile extensions on cell surfaces, involved in the movement of fluids across the membrane; numerous in number.
Microtubule: Slender tubes that facilitate movement in cilia and flagella, also a key component of the cytoskeleton providing structural support.
Microvilli: Nonmembranous projections that increase surface area for absorption, particularly prevalent in intestinal cells.

Genetic Material and Ribosome Synthesis

Nucleoplasm: The viscous fluid within the nucleus, housing chromatin and nucleolus.
Chromatin: Loosely coiled fibers of DNA and proteins found within the nucleus, crucial for gene expression and DNA replication.
Nucleolus: Dense structure in the nucleus responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling ribosomal subunits.

Cellular Transport and Packaging

Vesicle/Vacuole: Membranous sacs formed from the membrane that can transport or store substances within the cell.
Golgi Apparatus: Stack of flattened membrane sacs involved in packaging, modifying, and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell.

Membrane and Structural Elements

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): Selective barrier that surrounds the cell, regulating the entry and exit of substances.
Inclusions: Various cellular products like pigments (e.g., melanin), which are not membrane-bound and serve specialized functions.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Variants

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Composed of membrane-bound sacs and vesicles involved in the synthesis of lipids and metabolism of carbohydrates.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Similar structure to SER, but studded with ribosomes, playing a key role in protein synthesis and processing.

Cell Structure and Organization

Nucleus: Spherical organelle that houses chromatin and nucleolus, the control center of the cell.
Centrioles: Paired structures that are essential for organizing microtubules during cell division, facilitating proper chromosome separation.
Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments and tubules providing the cell with shape, support, and facilitating movement.

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Test your knowledge of the essential components of cells with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 3. Each card covers a key term related to cell structure, including organelles and their functions. Perfect for revision or quick quizzes.