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What is the primary role of water pressure inside plant cells?
What is the primary role of water pressure inside plant cells?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of active transport?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of active transport?
How does an increase in temperature affect diffusion?
How does an increase in temperature affect diffusion?
What is the effect of stirring on the rate of diffusion?
What is the effect of stirring on the rate of diffusion?
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Why does an increase in surface area to volume ratio enhance diffusion rates?
Why does an increase in surface area to volume ratio enhance diffusion rates?
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What is the primary function of carrier proteins in active transport?
What is the primary function of carrier proteins in active transport?
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Which factor does NOT affect the rate of active transport?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of active transport?
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What happens to a plant cell placed in a high concentration (low potential) solution of salt?
What happens to a plant cell placed in a high concentration (low potential) solution of salt?
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What is the effect of increasing the number of carrier proteins in a cell membrane?
What is the effect of increasing the number of carrier proteins in a cell membrane?
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During osmosis, water moves from a region of ______ to a region of ______.
During osmosis, water moves from a region of ______ to a region of ______.
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What occurs when a plant cell loses excessive water?
What occurs when a plant cell loses excessive water?
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The process of active transport requires energy. This energy is primarily derived from what process?
The process of active transport requires energy. This energy is primarily derived from what process?
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What is the primary reason for turgidity in plant cells?
What is the primary reason for turgidity in plant cells?
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What happens to an animal cell placed in a solution with lower water potential?
What happens to an animal cell placed in a solution with lower water potential?
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Which process is primarily responsible for the uptake of water in root hair cells?
Which process is primarily responsible for the uptake of water in root hair cells?
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How does the movement of minerals differ from the movement of water in root hair cells?
How does the movement of minerals differ from the movement of water in root hair cells?
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What is the main consequence of plasmolysis in plant cells?
What is the main consequence of plasmolysis in plant cells?
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What characterizes active transport in contrast to passive processes like osmosis?
What characterizes active transport in contrast to passive processes like osmosis?
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What happens to the turgor pressure in plant cells if they are placed in a high water potential solution?
What happens to the turgor pressure in plant cells if they are placed in a high water potential solution?
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Which of the following scenarios correctly describes an animal cell's response to high water potential?
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes an animal cell's response to high water potential?
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Which factor is NOT a common characteristic of active transport?
Which factor is NOT a common characteristic of active transport?
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Which type of environment would likely lead to the bursting of an animal cell?
Which type of environment would likely lead to the bursting of an animal cell?
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What is a primary effect of osmosis in plant cells?
What is a primary effect of osmosis in plant cells?
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What happens to a potato tuber placed in a concentrated solution of salt or sugar?
What happens to a potato tuber placed in a concentrated solution of salt or sugar?
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How does high salinity in irrigation water affect plants?
How does high salinity in irrigation water affect plants?
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What is the primary effect of osmosis on root hair cells in plants?
What is the primary effect of osmosis on root hair cells in plants?
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What occurs to a piece of potato tuber placed in distilled water?
What occurs to a piece of potato tuber placed in distilled water?
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Why do microorganisms fail to thrive in high concentrations of salt or sugar?
Why do microorganisms fail to thrive in high concentrations of salt or sugar?
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Which of the following best describes water potential?
Which of the following best describes water potential?
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How does osmosis contribute to plant support?
How does osmosis contribute to plant support?
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What negative effect occurs when a potato tuber is unable to support weight?
What negative effect occurs when a potato tuber is unable to support weight?
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What characterizes active transport in cells?
What characterizes active transport in cells?
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What is osmosis in the context of cell membranes?
What is osmosis in the context of cell membranes?
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What factor does NOT influence the rate of diffusion?
What factor does NOT influence the rate of diffusion?
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Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypertonic solution on animal cells?
Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypertonic solution on animal cells?
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Which of the following factors affects active transport efficiency?
Which of the following factors affects active transport efficiency?
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What best explains the process of active transport?
What best explains the process of active transport?
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What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?
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What is the role of protein carriers in active transport?
What is the role of protein carriers in active transport?
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Which factor would lead to increased rates of diffusion?
Which factor would lead to increased rates of diffusion?
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What is the significance of turgor pressure in plants?
What is the significance of turgor pressure in plants?
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Study Notes
Chapter 3: Movement in and out of the cell
- This chapter explores how substances move into and out of cells.
- Key concepts include diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
Diffusion
- Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
- This movement occurs due to random particle movement.
- Diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient.
- Factors affecting diffusion rate include:
- Temperature: Higher temperature increases kinetic energy, increasing the rate.
- Distance: Longer distance takes longer for diffusion.
- Surface area to volume ratio: Increased surface area increases the rate.
- Stirring/air current: Similar direction increases the rate.
- Size of molecules: Smaller molecules diffuse faster.
- Energy for diffusion comes from the particles' kinetic energy (random movement).
- There must be a difference in concentration for diffusion to occur.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, across a partially permeable membrane.
- Water potential is a measure of the tendency of water molecules to move from one area to another.
- Higher water potential has more freedom of movement and vice-versa.
- If a plant cell is placed in a high water potential solution, water moves into the cell and the cell becomes turgid.
- If a plant cell is placed in a low water potential solution, water moves out of the cell and the cell becomes flaccid or plasmolysed.
- Animal cells lack a cell wall, so if placed in a low water potential solution, they may shrink or burst.
Active Transport
- Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient (from low to high).
- This process requires energy, often from respiration.
- Carrier proteins in cell membranes facilitate active transport.
- Carrier proteins are specific, meaning each type of protein can transport a particular substance.
Factors Affecting Active Uptake
- Number of mitochondria: Energy is needed for active transport, so more mitochondria provide more energy production.
- Oxygen concentration: Oxygen is needed for respiration, which generates energy for active transport.
- Number of carrier proteins: More carrier proteins can transport more substances.
Practical Work Examples
- Potato cylinders placed in different solutions (concentrated sugar/salt, distilled water) demonstrate osmosis and how water potential affects the cells.
- Experiments with potato cylinders show how water movement changes the length and turgidity.
- Osmosis is important for plants to absorb water through their roots and maintain turgor pressure.
Comparison between Water and Mineral Uptake
- Water uptake occurs by osmosis (passive).
- Mineral uptake occurs by active transport (requires energy).
- Water moves from high to low water potential.
- Minerals move from low to high concentration.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 3, focusing on how substances move in and out of cells. Key topics include diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, along with factors affecting these processes. Test your understanding of these important biological concepts.
