Biology Chapter: Movement of Molecules

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Questions and Answers

What effect does a cooler temperature have on the catalase reaction with hydrogen peroxide?

It has no effect on the reaction.

It stops the reaction completely.

It slows down the reaction. (correct)

It speeds up the reaction significantly.

What happens when boiled catalase is mixed with hydrogen peroxide?

No reaction takes place. (correct)

Only water is produced.

The reaction is accelerated.

The reaction occurs as normal.

What is the outcome when catalase is present in a pH 3 environment with hydrogen peroxide?

No catalase action occurs due to high substrate concentration.

The reaction is faster than in neutral pH.

The reaction occurs normally.

The enzyme is denatured and the reaction stops. (correct)

In a scenario with two test tubes containing different amounts of catalase, what is likely to happen after adding the same amount of hydrogen peroxide?

The tube with more catalase will react faster. Signup and view all the answers

At optimal enzyme conditions (37°C), what is the expected outcome with catalase and hydrogen peroxide?

The reaction occurs effectively producing water and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What process explains the movement of iodine from the baggie to the beaker in the experiment with starch and iodine?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

How would the potato cells feel after being soaked in distilled water?

Stiff Signup and view all the answers

What color would the iodine turn the starch in the baggie during the experiment?

Blue/black Signup and view all the answers

What happens to potato cells placed in a 10% NaCl solution?

They lose water. Signup and view all the answers

In the experimental setup with starch in the beaker and iodine in the baggie, what indicates that the iodine has moved?

The beaker turns blue/black. Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is considered hypotonic to potato cells?

Distilled water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?

It is a passive process. Signup and view all the answers

What would the color of the baggie containing starch be after iodine diffuses into it?

Blue/black Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of catalase in the experiment?

To break down hydrogen peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a reaction has occurred in the test tube?

Presence of bubbles Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting liquid after the reaction when catalase is mixed with hydrogen peroxide?

Catalase and water Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is least likely to denature the enzyme catalase?

Moderate temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a product of the reaction when catalase acts on hydrogen peroxide?

Oxygen and water Signup and view all the answers

What happens to catalase when exposed to extreme heat?

It becomes denatured Signup and view all the answers

If catalase is boiled before mixing with hydrogen peroxide, what can be predicted about the reaction?

No reaction will occur Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect the activity of the enzyme catalase?

Optimal temperatures promote maximum activity Signup and view all the answers

What cell organelle is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to potato cells when they are placed in a 10% NaCl solution?

They lose water and become plasmolysed. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants used in the process of photosynthesis?

Water and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment travels the least distance on a chromatography strip?

Chlorophyll b Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Clear red and hemolyzed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the Rf value in chromatography?

Rf = distance traveled by pigment ÷ distance traveled by solvent Signup and view all the answers

In which condition do red blood cells have no effect on their volume?

In 0.9% NaCl. Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, what gas is consumed by plants?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How does distilled water affect the Elodea leaf cells?

Cells fill with water and become turgid. Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is identified as the most soluble in chromatography?

Beta-carotene Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chloroplasts in Elodea leaves in a hypertonic solution?

They aggregate in the center of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the chloroplast do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Thylakoid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What role does catalase play in the reaction of hydrogen peroxide?

It breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What product is formed as a result of the cellular respiration equation?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which solution will cause red blood cells to become crenated?

10% NaCl. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the central vacuole in a turgid Elodea cell?

It is filled with water, exerting pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Movement of Molecules

Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Many molecules diffuse across cell membranes.

Diffusion Experiment 1

Starch inside a baggie, Iodine in a beaker.
Iodine moved by diffusion from the beaker into the baggie.
Iodine turns starch blue/black.
The beaker will contain starch and iodine, the baggie will contain iodine.

Diffusion Experiment 2

Iodine inside a baggie, Starch in a beaker.
Iodine moved by diffusion from the baggie into the beaker.
The beaker will only contain iodine.
The baggie will contain starch and iodine, turning the starch blue/black.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water in or out of cells.
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to move into the cell.
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.
Potato cells in distilled water will become turgid (stiff) as water moves into the cell.
Potato cells in 10% NaCl will become flaccid (limp) as water moves out of the cell.

Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells in a hypotonic solution will hemolyze (burst) and appear clear red.
Red blood cells in a hypertonic solution will crenate (shrink) and appear cloudy red.

Elodea Leaf

Elodea leaf in distilled water (hypotonic) will have chloroplasts pushed against the cell wall due to water moving into the cell.
Elodea leaf in 10% NaCl (hypertonic) will have chloroplasts clustered in the center of the cell as water moves out.

Catalase

Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Potatoes are a source of catalase.
The presence of bubbles indicates a reaction has taken place.
The reaction produces oxygen gas.
Enzymes can be denatured by extreme temperatures and pH changes.
Catalase at 0 degrees Celsius will be slower but still work.
Catalase at 22 degrees Celsius (room temp) will work effectively.
Catalase at 37 degrees Celsius (optimal temperature for enzymes) will function best.
Boiled catalase will not function due to denaturation.
Sucrose is not a substrate for catalase, so no reaction will take place.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis.
The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique that separates different chemicals in a solution.
The solvent used in chromatography is a mixture of petroleum ether and acetone.
Four pigments are present in leaves: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, and beta-carotene.
Beta-carotene is the most soluble pigment, while chlorophyll b is the least soluble.
The Rf value is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the pigment by the distance traveled by the solvent.
Chlorophyll b has the lowest Rf value, and beta-carotene has the highest.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
The equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Oxygen is the gas used by plants during cellular respiration.
ATP is produced aerobically.

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Description

This quiz covers the principles of diffusion and osmosis, focusing on how molecules move across cell membranes. It includes details from two experiments demonstrating the diffusion of iodine and starch. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.