Questions and Answers
What is the shape of an animal cell?
Irregularly shaped
What type of cells are animal cells?
Eukaryotic
What is the size range of animal cells?
Animal cells have a cell wall.
Signup and view all the answers
Who coined the term 'cells'?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Antonie Van Leuwenhoek contribute to cell biology?
Signup and view all the answers
The __________ is a double-membraned organelle that serves as the central control of the cell.
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are cell organelles?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Key Components of Animal Cells
- Irregularly shaped and eukaryotic, featuring a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
- Size typically ranges from 10 to 30 micrometers, smaller than human hair.
- Lacks a cell wall, permitting various shapes and aiding the evolutionary diversity of the animal kingdom.
Discovery of Cells
- The term "cells" was introduced in 1665 by Robert Hooke, who studied cork tissue under a microscope and described honeycomb-like structures.
- Antonie Van Leuwenhoek improved microscopy, first observing human cells and bacteria, expanding knowledge of the microscopic world.
Animal Cell Size and Shape
- Varies widely from microscopic cells to the largest known animal cell, the ostrich egg (over 5.1 inches).
- Common shapes include flat, oval, rod-shaped, curved, spherical, concave, and rectangular.
- Most cells require a microscope for observation.
Animal Cell Organelles
- Cellular components classified as membrane-bound or non-membrane-bound, each fulfilling specific functions.
- Organelles categorized based on presence of membrane:
- Membrane-bound: Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria.
- Non-membrane-bound: Ribosomes, cytoskeleton.
Nucleus
- Double-membraned organelle storing genetic material and controlling cellular processes.
- Houses nucleoli and chromosomes; crucial for inheritance.
- Functions: DNA replication, transcription (RNA synthesis), and regulating cell growth and reproduction.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Network of tubular membranes found in eukaryotic cytoplasm, existing as rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without).
- Rough ER synthesizes and processes proteins; smooth ER is involved in lipid metabolism.
- Continuous folds extend to the nuclear membrane, present in most eukaryotic cells excluding sperm and red blood cells.
Cell Organelles Functions
- Genetic Control: Organelles like the nucleus manage genetic material.
- Cellular Protection: Membranes protect cell contents.
- Protein Synthesis: Rough ER synthesizes proteins; ribosomes play a key role.
- Energy Production: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
- Storage & Structural Support: Organelles like vacuoles provide storage and structural integrity.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fascinating world of animal cells in this quiz based on Chapter 3 of Biological Sciences. You will identify key components and functions of various organelles, as well as differentiate between animal cell types. Test your knowledge and understanding of this essential topic in biology.
