Questions and Answers
How is lymph formed?
Blood plasma filters out of the capillaries into interstitial fluid due to heart pressure; most returns to blood, but the remainder enters the lymphatic system.
Which of the following are parts of the lymphatic system? (Select all that apply)
What is the function of the lymphatic system organs?
To help filter the body's fluids, removing harmful particles.
What do lymphatic capillaries permit?
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What describes the movement of lymph?
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What is the thoracic duct?
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What does the right lymphatic duct drain?
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What is the purpose of cisterna chyli?
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What do lacteals transport?
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What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
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Which of the following are lymphoid organs? (Select all that apply)
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What is biological filtration performed by lymph nodes?
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What are afferent lymphatic vessels?
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What filters out bacteria, cancer cells, and damaged tissue cells?
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What is the role of efferent lymphatic vessels?
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How may cancer affect lymph nodes?
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What is the thymus?
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What is involution in terms of the thymus?
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What do tonsils help protect against?
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Where are palatine tonsils located?
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Study Notes
Formation of Lymph
- Lymph is formed when blood plasma filters out of capillaries into tissue spaces due to heart-generated pressure, creating interstitial fluid.
- Most interstitial fluid returns to the bloodstream via capillary membranes, while excess fluid enters the lymphatic system.
Components of the Lymphatic System
- Main parts include Lymph, Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Spleen.
Functions of Lymphatic System Organs
- Filters body fluids to remove harmful particles, preventing damage to other body parts.
Lymphatic Capillaries
- Facilitate the exit of excess tissue fluid and larger substances, including dissolved proteins, from tissue spaces.
Comparison of Lymphatic and Blood Capillaries
- Both are microscopic and consist of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium.
- Blood capillaries have tightly fitting endothelium cells preventing large molecules from entering/exiting, whereas lymphatic capillaries are loose and porous, allowing larger molecules to pass.
Movement of Lymph
- Lymph moves slowly through vessels, following a one-way flow from lymphatic capillaries to venules, then veins.
- Ultimately, lymph empty into the right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct, and then into subclavian veins.
Thoracic Duct
- The largest lymphatic vessel in the body, draining lymph from three-quarters of the body.
Right Lymphatic Duct
- Drains lymph from the right upper extremity, right head, neck, and upper torso.
Cisterna Chyli
- Acts as a temporary holding area for lymph.
Lacteals
- Lymphatic capillaries located in the small intestine that transport fats obtained from food to the bloodstream.
Lymph Nodes
- Act as filters for lymph with varying sizes; they are clustered, serving crucial roles in defense and white blood cell formation.
Lymphoid Organs
- Include lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and spleen, all containing lymphoid tissue rich in lymphocytes and related cells.
Biological Filtration
- Lymph nodes filter bacteria and prevent local infections; clustered nodes enhance filtration efficiency.
Afferent and Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
- Afferent vessels (4 per node) deliver lymph to nodes, while a single efferent vessel carries lymph away from the node.
Lymphatic Response to Cancer
- Axillary lymph nodes may be removed if they contain cancer cells filtered from lymph drained from the breast, facilitating spread through the lymphatic system.
Thymus Overview
- A small lymphoid organ located in the mediastinum, largest at puberty (35-40 grams).
- Source of T lymphocytes before birth; T cells mature here before circulation to other lymphoid organs.
- Functions are mostly completed by early childhood to puberty.
Involution of Thymus
- The thymus replaces lymphocytes with fat and connective tissue, becoming half its maximum size by age 60 and virtually disappearing by age 80.
Tonsils
- Located in a protective ring under mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, acting as a first line of defense against bacteria that may invade surrounding tissues.
Palatine Tonsils
- Positioned at each side of the throat, serving a protective role against pathogens.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of the lymphatic system with these flashcards. Understand how lymph is formed and its role in the body. This quiz will help reinforce key terms and definitions related to Chapter 13 on the lymphatic system.
