Questions and Answers
Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?
Thymus
The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in the?
Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of immune system cells and their functions?
Which of the following organ systems is NOT aided by the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)?
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Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets of the HIV virus?
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The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the?
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Which cell must be activated in order to achieve virtually all cell mediated immune responses?
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Naturally acquired passive immunity is associated with which of the following?
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Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?
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Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?
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What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?
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Which of the following cells exists in the greatest variety in the immune system?
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Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system?
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In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die?
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Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
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Which of the following is a function of the spleen?
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Which does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?
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Which of these provides a non-specific second line of defense?
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Which anti-microbial substances reduce viral replication in uninfected cells?
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Which anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
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Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?
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What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?
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Which of these chemicals do NOT induce vasodilation, increased permeability, and increased fluid flow to an infection site?
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When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are described as being?
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Which of the following induces the production of a specific antibody?
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Which of the following stimulates an immune response ONLY when it is attached to a larger carrier molecule?
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Genetic recombination generates diversity in what specific part of the immune system?
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Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells?
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To become activated, which of the following requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation?
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Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?
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Which chemical released by cytotoxic T cells fragments DNA?
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Lack of resistance is also known as?
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Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions?
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Which of the following C3 activation pathways involves antigen-antibody complexes leading to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes?
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Which complement system action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?
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The development of self-tolerance through B cell and T cell inactivation after antigen recognition without the second costimulation signal involves which process?
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What class of disorders, including AIDS and SCID, involves the destruction of B and T cells resulting in the inability of the immune system to protect the body from pathogens?
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An acute (Type I) allergic response can lead to?
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Exposure to an infectious agent during your day-to-day activities leads to?
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Which class of antibodies in the blood and lymph indicates a recent invasion?
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Which of the following cells is part of the body's second line of defense?
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The primary response will peak how long after an exposure?
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Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?
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The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called?
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Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an organ of the immune system?
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Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?
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Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?
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Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called?
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?
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Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?
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Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?
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Study Notes
Lymphatic System and Immune Response
- The thymus is essential for producing hormones that facilitate T cell maturation.
- Skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are crucial for the functioning of lymphatic, immune, and cardiovascular systems.
- Dendritic cells are incorrectly matched with their role in processing and presenting antigens to T and B cells; they specifically present to both cell types.
Immune System Components
- The muscular system is not supported by mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).
- Helper T cells are primary targets for the HIV virus, significantly impacting immune function.
- Thoracic duct drains lymph into the left subclavian vein.
Immune Cell Activation and Function
- Activation of helper T cells is essential for executing cell-mediated immune responses.
- Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus.
- Mast cells contribute to inflammation by releasing histamine, increasing blood vessel permeability.
- Interleukin-1, released by macrophages, elevates body temperature during fevers.
Lymph Composition and Diversity
- Lymph from the small intestines appears white due to the presence of lipids.
- Lymphocytes exhibit the greatest variety among immune system cells.
T Cell Characteristics
- Helper T cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens.
- Immunocompetent status signifies fully developed and mature B and T cells.
- Antigens induce specific antibody production.
Immune Responses and Disorders
- Haptens are molecules that stimulate immune responses only when bound to larger carrier molecules.
- Genetic recombination creates diversity in antigen receptors vital for immune specificity.
- Antigen presenting cells include macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells.
Immune Regulation
- T cell activation requires binding to foreign antigens and simultaneous costimulation.
- Lymphotoxin disrupts DNA in target cells, contributing to cytotoxic effects.
- Susceptibility refers to a lack of resistance against infections.
Antibody Classes and Functions
- IgA antibodies are primarily found in secretions like sweat, tears, and breast milk.
- The lectin pathway is a C3 activation route involving antigen-antibody complexes.
- Opsonization by complement proteins enhances phagocytosis of microbes.
Immune System Dynamics
- Anergy describes the state of B and T cells becoming inactive after antigen recognition without additional signals.
- Immunodeficiency diseases impair immune protection, leading to increased vulnerability to infections.
- Anaphylactic shock can occur due to acute allergic (Type I) responses.
Immunity Types
- Naturally acquired active immunity happens through regular exposure to infectious agents.
- IgM antibodies signify a recent infection in the bloodstream.
- Natural killer cells are essential components of the body’s second line of defense.
Immune Response Timings
- Primary immune response peaks between 10-17 days after exposure to an antigen.
- Nonspecific immunity provides broad protection against various pathogens.
Immune Function and Aging
- Aging typically decreases T cell responses rather than increasing them.
- Cytokines are small hormones that modulate numerous cell functions within the immune system.
Additional Immune Mechanisms
- Allergens trigger allergic reactions.
- Stress can inhibit immune function, compromising overall health.
- The most prevalent allergic response type is Type I (anaphylactic) reaction.
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Description
Review key concepts from Chapter 22 of Anatomy & Physiology II focused on the lymphatic system. This quiz covers organ functions, immune system cell roles, and mechanisms involved in lymphatic circulation. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of lymphatic anatomy and physiology.
