A&P II Chapter 22 Lymphatic System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?

Thymus

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in the?

Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of immune system cells and their functions?

  • All of these are correct matching of the cells and their functions
  • Dendritic cell - processes and presents antigen to T and B cells (correct)
  • B cells - process and presents antigen to helper T cells
  • Plasma cell - produces and secretes antibodies
  • Macrophage - process and presentation of foreign antigens to T cells

    • Which of the following organ systems is NOT aided by the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)?

    <p>Muscular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets of the HIV virus?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the?

    <p>Thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell must be activated in order to achieve virtually all cell mediated immune responses?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naturally acquired passive immunity is associated with which of the following?

    <p>Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?

    <p>Interleukin-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells exists in the greatest variety in the immune system?

    <p>Lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system?

    <p>Maintaining water homeostasis in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die?

    <p>Thymic (Hassall's) corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>All of these are functions of the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

    <p>Removes worn out blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these provides a non-specific second line of defense?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anti-microbial substances reduce viral replication in uninfected cells?

    <p>Interferons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation?

    <p>Complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

    <p>Mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

    <p>Location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these chemicals do NOT induce vasodilation, increased permeability, and increased fluid flow to an infection site?

    <p>Perforin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are described as being?

    <p>Immunocompetent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following induces the production of a specific antibody?

    <p>Antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimulates an immune response ONLY when it is attached to a larger carrier molecule?

    <p>Hapten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic recombination generates diversity in what specific part of the immune system?

    <p>Antigen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells?

    <p>Antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To become activated, which of the following requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation?

    <p>T cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical released by cytotoxic T cells fragments DNA?

    <p>Lymphotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lack of resistance is also known as?

    <p>Susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following C3 activation pathways involves antigen-antibody complexes leading to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes?

    <p>Lectin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement system action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of self-tolerance through B cell and T cell inactivation after antigen recognition without the second costimulation signal involves which process?

    <p>Anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of disorders, including AIDS and SCID, involves the destruction of B and T cells resulting in the inability of the immune system to protect the body from pathogens?

    <p>Immunodeficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acute (Type I) allergic response can lead to?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exposure to an infectious agent during your day-to-day activities leads to?

    <p>Naturally acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibodies in the blood and lymph indicates a recent invasion?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is part of the body's second line of defense?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary response will peak how long after an exposure?

    <p>10-17 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?

    <p>Nonspecific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called?

    <p>Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?

    <p>Cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an organ of the immune system?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?

    <p>Artificially acquired passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?

    <p>Naturally acquired passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called?

    <p>Allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?

    <p>Increased response of T cells to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?

    <p>Inhibition of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?

    <p>Type I (anaphylactic) reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lymphatic System and Immune Response

    • The thymus is essential for producing hormones that facilitate T cell maturation.
    • Skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are crucial for the functioning of lymphatic, immune, and cardiovascular systems.
    • Dendritic cells are incorrectly matched with their role in processing and presenting antigens to T and B cells; they specifically present to both cell types.

    Immune System Components

    • The muscular system is not supported by mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).
    • Helper T cells are primary targets for the HIV virus, significantly impacting immune function.
    • Thoracic duct drains lymph into the left subclavian vein.

    Immune Cell Activation and Function

    • Activation of helper T cells is essential for executing cell-mediated immune responses.
    • Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus.
    • Mast cells contribute to inflammation by releasing histamine, increasing blood vessel permeability.
    • Interleukin-1, released by macrophages, elevates body temperature during fevers.

    Lymph Composition and Diversity

    • Lymph from the small intestines appears white due to the presence of lipids.
    • Lymphocytes exhibit the greatest variety among immune system cells.

    T Cell Characteristics

    • Helper T cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens.
    • Immunocompetent status signifies fully developed and mature B and T cells.
    • Antigens induce specific antibody production.

    Immune Responses and Disorders

    • Haptens are molecules that stimulate immune responses only when bound to larger carrier molecules.
    • Genetic recombination creates diversity in antigen receptors vital for immune specificity.
    • Antigen presenting cells include macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells.

    Immune Regulation

    • T cell activation requires binding to foreign antigens and simultaneous costimulation.
    • Lymphotoxin disrupts DNA in target cells, contributing to cytotoxic effects.
    • Susceptibility refers to a lack of resistance against infections.

    Antibody Classes and Functions

    • IgA antibodies are primarily found in secretions like sweat, tears, and breast milk.
    • The lectin pathway is a C3 activation route involving antigen-antibody complexes.
    • Opsonization by complement proteins enhances phagocytosis of microbes.

    Immune System Dynamics

    • Anergy describes the state of B and T cells becoming inactive after antigen recognition without additional signals.
    • Immunodeficiency diseases impair immune protection, leading to increased vulnerability to infections.
    • Anaphylactic shock can occur due to acute allergic (Type I) responses.

    Immunity Types

    • Naturally acquired active immunity happens through regular exposure to infectious agents.
    • IgM antibodies signify a recent infection in the bloodstream.
    • Natural killer cells are essential components of the body’s second line of defense.

    Immune Response Timings

    • Primary immune response peaks between 10-17 days after exposure to an antigen.
    • Nonspecific immunity provides broad protection against various pathogens.

    Immune Function and Aging

    • Aging typically decreases T cell responses rather than increasing them.
    • Cytokines are small hormones that modulate numerous cell functions within the immune system.

    Additional Immune Mechanisms

    • Allergens trigger allergic reactions.
    • Stress can inhibit immune function, compromising overall health.
    • The most prevalent allergic response type is Type I (anaphylactic) reaction.

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    Description

    Review key concepts from Chapter 22 of Anatomy & Physiology II focused on the lymphatic system. This quiz covers organ functions, immune system cell roles, and mechanisms involved in lymphatic circulation. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of lymphatic anatomy and physiology.

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