Questions and Answers
The first scientist in history was ______ of Miletus.
Thales
The scientific method was introduced by ______ Bacon in 1620.
Francis
The cell theory was announced by ______ Schwann and Matthias Schleiden.
Theodor
______ proposed the idea of Biological evolution.
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Charles Darwin proposed the theory of ______.
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Botany, the study of ______, flourished during the Renaissance Period.
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According to the characteristics of life, living things are classified as ______, while non-living things are ______.
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Philosophy is associated with ______ reasoning.
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The steps in the scientific method include Problem, Hypothesis, ______, and Conclusion.
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The study of cells is known as ______.
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Ecology studies the relations of organisms to their ______.
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Genetics is the study of ______.
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The branch of biology that deals with the study of plants is called ______.
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The study of the cause and effects of diseases is known as ______.
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The theory of natural selection was published in ______.
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Mycology is the study of ______.
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Evolution refers to hereditary ______.
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The germ theory of disease was championed by ______ in France.
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The Father of Biology is ______.
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The term biology was coined by French biologist ______.
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The Human Genome Project, which mapped the entire human genome, was completed in ______.
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In ancient China, the use of ______ as medicine was popular.
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The process of ______ in ancient Egypt was used for mummification.
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______ help humans grow other organs in the laboratory.
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The ______ holds the slide in place.
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The ______ connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
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The ______ brings the specimen into general focus.
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The ______ is the most powerful type of microscope.
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The ______ turns to select the desired objective lens.
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The study of the evolutionary history of organisms is known as ______.
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The classification of living things falls under the field of ______.
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The study of birds is referred to as ______.
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The branch of biology that deals with the study of plants is known as ______.
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The science of naming and classifying organisms is known as ______.
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The study of animals and their behavior is called ______.
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The study of insects is known as ______.
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The examination of potential toxic substances is referred to as ______.
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Study Notes
History of Biology
- Origin of the term "biology" derives from the Greek word "bíos" (life) and "-logy" (science of).
- Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch championed the germ theory of disease in the 19th century.
- Aristotle is recognized as the Father of Biology.
- Fundamental needs in early human civilization: food, shelter, clothes, medicine, and sex.
- Ancient Chinese medicine utilized herbs; the concept of Yin and Yang representing balance.
- Ancient Egyptians developed surgical techniques and embalming processes for mummification.
- Thales of Miletus is the first known scientist, moving from superstition to scientific reasoning.
- Alcmaeon of Crotona conducted dissections and made early anatomical discoveries.
Scientific Method
- Introduced by Francis Bacon in 1620 to establish a systematic approach to inquiry.
- Deductive reasoning begins with a general principle and leads to a specific conclusion (e.g., kangaroos as mammals).
- Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations to form a general conclusion (e.g., all observed cats have fleas).
- Steps of the scientific method include problem identification, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and drawing conclusions.
Characteristics of Life
- Living things (biotic) vs. non-living things (abiotic).
- Life originated from a single cell.
- Key characteristics of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness to stimuli, and reproduction.
Major Fields in Biology
- Fields include botany (study of plants), zoology (study of animals), microbiology, and various specialized branches.
- Botanical subdivisions: agronomy, dendrology, economic botany, forestry, horticulture, and paleobotany.
- Zoological subdivisions: arachnology, entomology, ichthyology, mammalogy, and ornithology.
Contributors to Biology
- Andreas Vesalius: Pioneer in anatomy.
- Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: First to observe single-celled organisms.
- Antoine Lavoisier: Demonstrated that living organisms generate heat.
- Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin, an important antibiotic.
- Carolus Linnaeus: Established binomial nomenclature and modern taxonomy.
Types of Microscopes
- Bright Field: Traditional light microscope, allows observation of stained specimens.
- Dark Field: Enhances contrast in unstained samples.
- Stereo Microscope: Provides three-dimensional views for dissection.
- Electron Microscope: The most powerful microscope for viewing cellular structures at high magnification.
Key Biological Concepts
- Taxonomy: Classification and naming of organisms.
- Biomechanics: Robotics applying biological principles, like robotic limbs.
- Human Genome Project: Completed in 2003, mapping the entirety of human DNA.
- Stem cells: Capable of growing various organs in laboratory settings.
- Vaccines and treatments: Advancements in cancer vaccines and HIV therapies.
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Description
Explore the origins of biology from ancient civilizations to modern scientific methods. Learn about key figures like Aristotle, Louis Pasteur, and the evolution of biological concepts over time. This quiz covers the contributions from early medicine to the establishment of the scientific method.
