Biology Chapter 1: Introduction to Cells

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Where does photosynthesis occur in photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants?

Nucleus

Plasma membrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplast (correct)

What type of energy do chemosynthetic prokaryotes derive from?

Sunlight energy

Atmospheric N2

Atmospheric CO2

Oxidation of H2S (correct)

What is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms?

Cell (correct)

Organ

Organism

Tissue

What is the distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What did the Miller-Urey experiments recreate?

The conditions of the primitive earth Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nitrogen-fixing cells in Anabaena cylindrica?

To incorporate atmospheric N2 into organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the electric discharge in the Miller-Urey experiments?

To provide energy to rearrange the simple gas molecules Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are Beggiatoa, which live in hydrogen sulfide-contaminated marine environments?

Prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Miller-Urey experiments?

The formation of complex organic molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

To generate most of the cell's supply of usable energy Signup and view all the answers

What were the 7 simple molecules used in the Miller-Urey experiments?

Water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, CO2, CO, methane, and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the cooling system in the Miller-Urey experiments?

To condense the molecules into liquid form Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of self-replicating macromolecules in the origin of life?

They facilitated the formation of the first cell Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are known to have enzymatic activity, such as RNA splicing, ligation, and polymerization?

RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence that RNA can catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides?

RNA can catalyze the synthesis of complementary RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes chloroplasts from mitochondria?

Limitation to plant cell lineage Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypothetical scenario where RNA predates DNA and proteins in evolution?

The RNA world Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which eukaryotic cells import materials from their environment?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the first cell?

A self-replicating RNA molecule and other life-promoting molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Endosymbiosis Signup and view all the answers

What constrains the size of a cell?

The size of the phospholipid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of organelles that allows them to divide independently of cell division?

Presence of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of cellular organization?

Presence of membrane-enclosed organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental property of cells that allows them to acquire and utilize energy?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes living cells from non-living entities?

Their ability to carry out chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why does an isolated cell from a 2-cell stage embryo develop into a complete animal instead of half an animal?

It recognizes the absence of its partner and regulates its development accordingly Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of cell behavior that is exemplified by the development of two sea urchin larvae from a single zygote?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells maintain their complex state through constant regulation?

Self-regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental characteristic of cells that enables them to carry out a variety of chemical reactions?

Biochemistry Signup and view all the answers