Biology Chapter 1: Introduction to Cells
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Questions and Answers

Where does photosynthesis occur in photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants?

  • Nucleus
  • Plasma membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast (correct)
  • What type of energy do chemosynthetic prokaryotes derive from?

  • Sunlight energy
  • Atmospheric N2
  • Atmospheric CO2
  • Oxidation of H2S (correct)
  • What is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms?

  • Cell (correct)
  • Organ
  • Organism
  • Tissue
  • What is the distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Miller-Urey experiments recreate?

    <p>The conditions of the primitive earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nitrogen-fixing cells in Anabaena cylindrica?

    <p>To incorporate atmospheric N2 into organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the electric discharge in the Miller-Urey experiments?

    <p>To provide energy to rearrange the simple gas molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are Beggiatoa, which live in hydrogen sulfide-contaminated marine environments?

    <p>Prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Miller-Urey experiments?

    <p>The formation of complex organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To generate most of the cell's supply of usable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the 7 simple molecules used in the Miller-Urey experiments?

    <p>Water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, CO2, CO, methane, and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the cooling system in the Miller-Urey experiments?

    <p>To condense the molecules into liquid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of self-replicating macromolecules in the origin of life?

    <p>They facilitated the formation of the first cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules are known to have enzymatic activity, such as RNA splicing, ligation, and polymerization?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence that RNA can catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides?

    <p>RNA can catalyze the synthesis of complementary RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes chloroplasts from mitochondria?

    <p>Limitation to plant cell lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypothetical scenario where RNA predates DNA and proteins in evolution?

    <p>The RNA world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which eukaryotic cells import materials from their environment?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the first cell?

    <p>A self-replicating RNA molecule and other life-promoting molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Endosymbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constrains the size of a cell?

    <p>The size of the phospholipid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of organelles that allows them to divide independently of cell division?

    <p>Presence of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of cellular organization?

    <p>Presence of membrane-enclosed organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental property of cells that allows them to acquire and utilize energy?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes living cells from non-living entities?

    <p>Their ability to carry out chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an isolated cell from a 2-cell stage embryo develop into a complete animal instead of half an animal?

    <p>It recognizes the absence of its partner and regulates its development accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of cell behavior that is exemplified by the development of two sea urchin larvae from a single zygote?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells maintain their complex state through constant regulation?

    <p>Self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental characteristic of cells that enables them to carry out a variety of chemical reactions?

    <p>Biochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

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