Biology Cellular Respiration

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Questions and Answers

Which statement about energy and ATP is correct?

ATP is transformed into energy.

Energy is transformed directly from ATP.

Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP plus Pi. (correct)

ATP is not involved in energy transfer.

In respiration, glucose is transformed into energy and ATP.

False

What do NADH and FADH2 do in cellular respiration?

They serve as carriers of potential energy via their electrons.

What is the ultimate product of respiration?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the carbon atoms in glucose during respiration?

They are incorporated into carbon dioxide molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen required for maximum energy use in glucose?

Oxygen allows an organism to make maximum use of the energy in glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What key role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?

Oxygen allows the cyclist to go farther on less glucose. Signup and view all the answers

Why do you weigh less after using glucose for energy during exercise?

You lose mass because glucose is transformed into carbon dioxide and water. Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be true of artificial sweeteners for weight loss?

Cells would be unable to use them to make ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to protons moving back into the matrix through ATP synthase?

Their potential energy is transferred to ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if NADH transferred electrons directly to Complex II instead of Complex I?

Fewer protons would be pumped, so less energy would be transferred to ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the ETC is deprived of oxygen?

There is not that much, if any, of an immediate effect. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ETC when oxygen is withheld for longer?

The ETC cannot oxidize any additional NADH or FADH2. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in the ETC?

Oxygen keeps the ETC running by removing electrons from Complex IV. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be an effective treatment for severe cyanide poisoning?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cellular respiration if Q transfers electrons to Complex IV instead of Complex III?

The person would still make more ATP from one NADH molecule than from one FADH2 molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is consumed and produced during cellular respiration in yeast?

Cells transfer some of the energy stored in glucose's chemical bonds to ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle for the electron transport chain?

Each of the processes produces NADH. Signup and view all the answers

Match the molecules with their role in the electron transport chain:

Complex I = Transfers electrons to Q Q (Coenzyme Q) = Accepts electrons from Complex I Oxygen = Removes electrons from Complex IV Complex IV = Final electron acceptor Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized in the reaction where Complex I transfers electrons to Q?

Complex I is oxidized and Q is reduced. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT store potential energy that is usable by a cell?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

Why do we lose mass while burning glucose during exercise?

Our cells convert glucose into CO2 and water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would decrease the number of ATP molecules generated per NADH in the electron transport chain?

Transferring electrons to Complex III Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between the effects of antimycin A and lack of oxygen?

Electrons don't leave the ETC. Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following is potential energy INCREASING?

Protons moving from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen metabolically if all your mitochondria were destroyed?

You would have much less ATP available. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy and ATP

Energy is released when ATP is converted into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Cells utilize the stored energy in glucose to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate.

NADH and FADH2

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers in cellular respiration, storing potential energy for ATP synthesis.
They hold less energy than glucose but more than ATP itself.

Role of Oxygen

Oxygen is crucial for maximizing energy extraction from glucose during respiration.
It enables greater endurance (e.g., cyclists can go farther on less glucose).

Weight Loss and Glucose Utilization

Weight loss occurs post-exercise as glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water, which are lost through exhalation and sweat.

Artificial Sweeteners

They mimic glucose's chemical structure, tricking our taste receptors.
For effective weight loss, these sweeteners must not contribute to ATP synthesis, prompting the body to derive ATP from other food or stored fats.

ATP Synthesis and Proton Movement

Protons move back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, transferring their potential energy to ATP.
If NADH bypasses Complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC), fewer protons would be pumped, resulting in reduced ATP production.

Effects of Oxygen Deprivation

Initially, depriving the ETC of oxygen has minimal immediate effects.
Prolonged oxygen deprivation leads the ETC to become unable to accept electrons from NADH and FADH2.

Complex Interactions

In the ETC, oxygen plays a vital role by removing electrons from Complex IV, keeping the chain functional.
If an individual has a mutation transferring electrons directly to Complex IV, NADH would still yield more ATP compared to FADH2.

Processes of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle produce NADH for use in the electron transport chain.
Complex I oxidizes itself while reducing coenzyme Q (Q) during electron transfer.

Energy and Matter in Cellular Respiration

Carbon dioxide does not store usable potential energy for cells.
During glucose metabolism, mass is lost as glucose is converted to water and carbon dioxide, expelled from the body.

ATP Generation Efficiency

Transferring electrons from NADH to Complex III instead of Complex I decreases ATP yield.
Antimycin A's inhibition of electron transfer to Complex IV creates effects similar to oxygen deprivation.

Potential Energy Dynamics

Potential energy in protons increases as they migrate from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.

Mitochondrial Function

Destruction of all mitochondria significantly reduces ATP availability, impairing bodily functions like movement and cognition.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of cellular respiration, focusing on the roles of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in energy production. Understand how oxygen is vital for energy extraction and the implications of glucose metabolism on weight loss and artificial sweeteners. Test your knowledge on these essential biological processes.