Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Quiz

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Where does the process of glycolysis occur?

In the endoplasmic reticulum

In the mitochondrial matrix

Across the inner mitochondrial membrane

In the cytosol (correct)

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

6 ATP are produced, and 2 ATP are invested, resulting in a net gain of 4 ATP

2 ATP are invested, and 4 ATP are produced, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP (correct)

No ATP is invested or produced during glycolysis

4 ATP are invested, and 2 ATP are produced, resulting in a net loss of 2 ATP

What is the purpose of the pyruvate oxidation step?

To produce ATP

To reduce NADH to NAD+

To convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle (correct)

To release carbon dioxide

Why do patients with Diabetes Mellitus experience significantly increased hunger?

As a result of decreased blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

6 CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FADH2 and NADH in cellular respiration?

They are electron donors in the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom of Diabetes Mellitus can be perplexing due to its seeming opposition?

Significant weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of citric acid cycle intermediates being used in other metabolic pathways?

It highlights the complexity of cellular metabolism and the interconnectedness of different pathways Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible explanation for the paradox of increased hunger and weight loss in Diabetes Mellitus patients?

Body breaking down muscle for energy Signup and view all the answers

In Diabetes Mellitus, why does the body resort to breaking down fat and muscle tissue?

To compensate for inadequate glucose uptake Signup and view all the answers

What role does insulin play in the paradoxical symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus?

Promotes storage of excess nutrients as fat Signup and view all the answers

How does significantly increased hunger in Diabetes Mellitus patients contribute to their weight loss?

Results in consumption of nutrient-poor foods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is correct?

Cellular respiration can derive energy from fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates, in addition to glucose. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme acts as the 'gate-keeper' for glycolysis, and what factors influence its activity?

Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by citrate and ATP, but stimulated by AMP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the context of cellular respiration?

To promote glucose uptake into cells for ATP production or storage in the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon in the context of cellular respiration?

To stimulate the breakdown of glycogen and increase blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate fasting blood glucose level considered within the normal range?

4-6 mmol/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of losing the function of insulin in the context of cellular respiration?

Cells will be unable to take up glucose, leading to hyperglycemia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

ATP is the energy currency that powers cellular work by releasing energy when hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the processes involved in ATP generation from glucose breakdown?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, while the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain occur in the mitochondrial matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the net number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule broken down during cellular respiration?

38 ATP molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels?

Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, while glucagon stimulates the release of glucose from the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the fundamental pathology of Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an inability to respond to insulin, leading to uncontrolled glucose release from the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the electron transport chain in ATP generation?

The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is used to drive ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

It generates NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of chemiosmosis?

It is the process by which hydrogen ions rush down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the electron transport chain?

It is the process by which NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, and the energy released is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, where it is reduced to water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

They are produced during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and act as energy carriers for ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

It is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, powered by the proton gradient established during electron transport. Signup and view all the answers