Plasma Membrane
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Questions and Answers

What is the direction of molecule movement in diffusion?

  • In a circular motion
  • Randomly in all directions
  • From area of high concentration towards area of low concentration (correct)
  • From area of low concentration towards area of high concentration

    • What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  • To restrict the movement of some substances (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To produce ATP for cellular energy
  • To allow all substances to pass through freely

    • Which type of transport uses cellular energy (ATP)?

  • Active transport (correct)
  • Simple diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated diffusion

    • What is the name of the process by which ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+) pass through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Channel mediated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of osmosis on a cell?

    <p>An increase in internal water volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the process of simple diffusion?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances can pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

    <p>Small molecules (O2, CO2) or lipid soluble particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ATP in the cell?

    <p>To serve as the primary energy source for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid molecule?

    <p>It is polar and faces the outside of the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of integral proteins in the plasma membrane?

    <p>To facilitate transport across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of salts in the context of biology?

    <p>Compounds that dissociate in water into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peripheral proteins in the plasma membrane?

    <p>To regulate cell signaling pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ions in the context of biology?

    <p>Charged particles that are formed when salts dissociate in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid that surrounds the cell and is in contact with the plasma membrane?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many solutes cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane?

    <p>They are not lipid-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solution has a solute concentration greater than that inside the cell?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a primary active transport process?

    <p>Na+/K+ pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a red blood cell being placed in a 10% NaCl/ 90% H2O solution?

    <p>The cell will shrink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ pump in a cell?

    <p>To maintain a higher concentration of potassium in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump?

    <p>To maintain a higher concentration of K+ in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport involves the infolding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active and passive transport?

    <p>Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, while passive transport moves with it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a red blood cell being placed in a 0.1% NaCl/ 99.9% H2O solution?

    <p>The cell will swell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

    <p>Phagocytosis involves the transport of solids, while pinocytosis involves the transport of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of molecule movement in exocytosis?

    <p>From the cytoplasm to the extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source used to drive vesicular transport?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ pump in maintaining ion balance?

    <p>To maintain a balance of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport does not use ATP?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transport of substances into the cell using vesicles?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transport of substances out of the cell using vesicles?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vesicular transport?

    <p>To transport molecules across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a cell being placed in a hypotonic solution?

    <p>The cell will gain water and swell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of primary active transport?

    <p>To move solutes against their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a cell being placed in an isotonic solution?

    <p>The cell will maintain its shape and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ pump?

    <p>To maintain the proper balance of Na+ and K+ ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of primary active transport?

    <p>It uses ATP to drive the transport of solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump in maintaining ion balance?

    <p>To generate a concentration gradient of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows it to regulate the movement of substances?

    <p>Selective permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diffusion is facilitated by the shape change of carrier molecules?

    <p>Carrier-mediated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vesicular transport involves the infolding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source used to drive vesicular transport?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in the context of cellular transport?

    <p>To provide energy for the transport of ions across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a higher concentration of water outside a cell compared to inside the cell?

    <p>The cell will swell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

    <p>Phagocytosis involves the transport of solids, while pinocytosis involves the transport of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the movement of molecules in passive transport?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is NOT an example of a protein?

    <p>CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport process is driven by the concentration gradient of molecules across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the hydrophobic tail of a phospholipid molecule?

    <p>Nonpolar and uncharged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule can pass through the plasma membrane unassisted during simple diffusion?

    <p>Lipid-soluble molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid that surrounds the cell and is in contact with the plasma membrane in the bloodstream?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a peripheral protein?

    <p>Receptor protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Plasma Membrane

    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, integral proteins, and peripheral proteins
    • Phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic (polar) head and a hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail
    • Integral proteins are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins are found on the surface

    Transport across the Membrane

    • Occurs between extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma, and intracellular fluid
    • Types of transport: passive (no energy input from the cell) and active (uses cellular energy, e.g. ATP)

    Terminology

    • Salts: compounds that dissociate in water into ions (e.g. NaCl, CaCO3, KCl)
    • Ions: charged molecules (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-)
    • Proteins: complex molecules present in the body (e.g. hormones, enzymes, antibodies, collagen, keratin, hemoglobin)
    • ATP: primary energy source for the cell, made by mitochondria
    • Solute: substance being dissolved
    • Solvent: substance that dissolves the solute (e.g. water)

    Passive Processes

    • Simple diffusion: unassisted passage of small molecules (e.g. O2, CO2) or lipid-soluble particles, driven by concentration gradient
    • Facilitated diffusion: channel-mediated diffusion allows passage of ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+), driven by concentration gradient
    • Carrier-mediated diffusion: shape change to transport sugars, amino acids, and other substances through the membrane, driven by concentration gradient
    • Osmosis: movement of solvent (water), driven by concentration gradient, can change the shape of a cell

    Osmosis

    • Isotonic solution: same solute concentration as inside the cell
    • Hypertonic solution: greater solute concentration than inside the cell, leading to less water (solvent)
    • Hypotonic solution: lower solute concentration than inside the cell, leading to more water (solvent)

    Active Processes

    • Uses cell energy (ATP) to drive movement of solutes across the plasma membrane, against concentration gradient
    • Primary active transport: ATP is used to drive transport of substances across the plasma membrane (e.g. Na+/K+ pump)
    • Vesicular transport: molecules or particles are transported across the plasma membrane in vesicles, using ATP to drive movement

    Vesicular Transport

    • Endocytosis: transport substances into the cell, infolding of the plasma membrane fuses to create a vesicle (e.g. phagocytosis for solids, pinocytosis for liquids)
    • Exocytosis: transport substances out of the cell, vesicle fuses with plasma membrane and releases contents

    The Plasma Membrane

    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, integral proteins, and peripheral proteins
    • Phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic (polar) head and a hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail
    • Integral proteins are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins are found on the surface

    Transport across the Membrane

    • Occurs between extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma, and intracellular fluid
    • Types of transport: passive (no energy input from the cell) and active (uses cellular energy, e.g. ATP)

    Terminology

    • Salts: compounds that dissociate in water into ions (e.g. NaCl, CaCO3, KCl)
    • Ions: charged molecules (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-)
    • Proteins: complex molecules present in the body (e.g. hormones, enzymes, antibodies, collagen, keratin, hemoglobin)
    • ATP: primary energy source for the cell, made by mitochondria
    • Solute: substance being dissolved
    • Solvent: substance that dissolves the solute (e.g. water)

    Passive Processes

    • Simple diffusion: unassisted passage of small molecules (e.g. O2, CO2) or lipid-soluble particles, driven by concentration gradient
    • Facilitated diffusion: channel-mediated diffusion allows passage of ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+), driven by concentration gradient
    • Carrier-mediated diffusion: shape change to transport sugars, amino acids, and other substances through the membrane, driven by concentration gradient
    • Osmosis: movement of solvent (water), driven by concentration gradient, can change the shape of a cell

    Osmosis

    • Isotonic solution: same solute concentration as inside the cell
    • Hypertonic solution: greater solute concentration than inside the cell, leading to less water (solvent)
    • Hypotonic solution: lower solute concentration than inside the cell, leading to more water (solvent)

    Active Processes

    • Uses cell energy (ATP) to drive movement of solutes across the plasma membrane, against concentration gradient
    • Primary active transport: ATP is used to drive transport of substances across the plasma membrane (e.g. Na+/K+ pump)
    • Vesicular transport: molecules or particles are transported across the plasma membrane in vesicles, using ATP to drive movement

    Vesicular Transport

    • Endocytosis: transport substances into the cell, infolding of the plasma membrane fuses to create a vesicle (e.g. phagocytosis for solids, pinocytosis for liquids)
    • Exocytosis: transport substances out of the cell, vesicle fuses with plasma membrane and releases contents

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